Characteristics and Glucose Uptake Promoting Effect of Chrysin-Loaded Phytosomes Prepared with Different Phospholipid Matrices
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Preparation of CP
2.3. Characterization of CP
2.3.1. Particle Size, PDI, and Zeta Potential
2.3.2. Entrapment Efficiency of CP
2.3.3. Solubility
2.3.4. Topographical Analysis and Measurement of Elastic Modulus
2.3.5. FTIR
2.3.6. XRD
2.3.7. SEM
2.3.8. In Vitro Release
2.4. Bioassays
2.4.1. Cell Culture
2.4.2. Glucose Uptake Assay Using C2C12 Skeletal Muscle Cells
2.4.3. RNA Extraction and Quantitative Real Time PCR (qRT-PCR)
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Formation of Chrysin-Loaded Phytosomes (CPs)
3.2. Size, Polydispersity Index (PDI), and Zeta Potential of CPs
3.3. Solubility of CPs
3.4. Topographical Analysis of CPs Using AFM
3.5. Fourier Transformation Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)
3.6. X-ray Diffraction (XRD)
3.7. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
3.8. In Vitro Release of CEP
3.9. Effect of CP on Glucose Uptake in C2C12 Skeletal Muscle Cells
3.10. Effect of CEP-1:3 on the Expression of Genes Related to Glucose Uptake in C2C12 Skeletal Muscle Cells
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Average Particle Size (nm) | PDI | Zeta Potential (mV) | Encapsulation Efficiency (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
CSP-1:2 | 129 ± 2.0 | 0.45 ± 0.02 | −28 ± 0.2 | 98.8 ± 0.1 |
CSP-1:3 | 134 ± 0.1 | 0.49 ± 0.01 | −33 ± 4.1 | 98.6 ± 0.1 |
CEP-1:2 | 89 ± 0.5 | 0.25 ± 0.01 | −21 ± 0.3 | 98.8 ± 0.1 |
CEP-1:3 | 117 ± 0.7 | 0.29 ± 0.02 | −31 ± 0.8 | 98.7 ± 0.1 |
Storage for 21 days at 4 °C | ||||
CEP-1:3 | 118 ± 1 | 0.30 ± 0.02 | −32 ± 0.3 |
CSP-1:3 | CEP-1:3 | |
---|---|---|
Elastic modulus (kPa) | 12.4 ± 0.52 | 33.2 ± 0.90 |
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Kim, S.-M.; Jung, J.-I.; Chai, C.; Imm, J.-Y. Characteristics and Glucose Uptake Promoting Effect of Chrysin-Loaded Phytosomes Prepared with Different Phospholipid Matrices. Nutrients 2019, 11, 2549. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11102549
Kim S-M, Jung J-I, Chai C, Imm J-Y. Characteristics and Glucose Uptake Promoting Effect of Chrysin-Loaded Phytosomes Prepared with Different Phospholipid Matrices. Nutrients. 2019; 11(10):2549. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11102549
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Seong-Min, Jae-In Jung, Changhoon Chai, and Jee-Young Imm. 2019. "Characteristics and Glucose Uptake Promoting Effect of Chrysin-Loaded Phytosomes Prepared with Different Phospholipid Matrices" Nutrients 11, no. 10: 2549. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11102549