Arterial Stiffness, Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Fruits Intake in a Rural Population Sample: Data from the Brisighella Heart Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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LFLB (N. 437) | HFLB (N. 419) | LFHB (N. 133) | HFHB (N. 116) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | ||||
- Males | 48% | 55% | 57% | 57% |
- Females | 52% | 45% | 43% | 43% |
Smoking habit | ||||
- Current | 21% | 19% | 22% | 21% |
- Former | 18% | 17% | 16% | 15% |
- Never | 61% | 64% | 62% | 64% |
Physical activity | ||||
- No/Mild | 20% | 21% | 24% | 22% |
- Moderate | 63% | 61% | 61% | 60% |
- Intense | 17% | 18% | 15% | 18% |
LFLB (N. 437) | HFLB (N. 419) | LFHB (N. 133) | HFHB (N. 116) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 59.6 ± 15.6 | 61.9 ± 14.7 | 59.1 ± 16.8 | 58.7 ± 16.8 |
Dietary Quality Index score | 39.8 ± 4.6 | 41.4 ± 4.4 | 38.9 ± 4.9 | 39.0 ± 5.0 |
Fructose intake from fruits (g/day) | 6.6 ± 3.5 | 38.7 ± 9.7 * | 8.5 ± 3.8 | 38.4 ± 11.5 *# |
Fructose intake from sugar sweetened beverages (g/day) | 7.1 ± 3.7 | 2.5 ± 2.6 * | 35.3 ± 12.2 * | 34.2 ± 12.9 *° |
Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | 26.4 ± 4.5 | 26.7 ± 4.7 | 26.8 ± 4.0 | 27.1 ± 4.6 * |
Total Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 216.8 ± 16.1 | 224.8 ± 15.3 | 226.3 ± 20.1 | 229.1 ± 20.7 |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 140.44 ± 45.0 | 157.07 ± 46.0 * | 167.24 ± 42.0 *° | 183.19 ± 48.6 *°# |
HDL- Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 52.4 ± 5.9 | 51.2 ± 4.5 | 46.2 ± 3.9 *° | 44.6 ± 4.8 *°# |
LDL- Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 137.8 ± 16.2 | 143.3 ± 17.7 | 147.6 ± 23.3 * | 146.8 ± 20.5 * |
Apolipoprotein AI (mg/dL) | 154.6 ± 18.9 | 153.1 ± 17.2 | 144.5 ± 16.1 | 144.6 ± 29.2 |
Apolipoprotein B (mg/dL) | 90.82 ± 7.4 | 93.7 ± 7.1 | 94.5 ± 6.5 | 93.3 ± 6.9 |
Fasting Plasma Glucose (mg/dL) | 91.5 ± 9.7 | 92.7 ± 9.7 | 94.7 ± 10.0 | 95.9 ± 14.2 * |
AST (U/L) | 23.5 ± 4.9 | 23.5 ± 4.9 | 21.1 ± 4.1 | 23.2 ± 4.9 |
ALT (U/L) | 25.8 ± 4.6 | 23.4 ± 4.4 | 22.8 ± 4.0 | 28.0 ± 5.0 |
gamma-GT (U/L) | 27.7 ± 5.0 | 26.3 ± 8.1 | 27.5 ± 9.4 | 40.7 ± 9.0 *°# |
Serum Uric Acid (mg/dL) | 5.3 ± 1.3 | 5.1 ± 1.2 | 5.7 ± 1.4 *° | 5.9 ± 1.5 *° |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.04 ± 0.17 | 1.03 ± 0.22 | 1.06 ± 0.19 | 1.03 ± 0.16 |
Estimated GFR (mL/min) | 73.4 ± 5.2 | 74.0 ± 5.4 | 73.7 ± 6.1 | 74.5 ± 5.5 |
LFLB (N. 437) | HFLB (N. 419) | LFHB (N. 133) | HFHB (N. 116) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
SBP (mmHg) | 139.3 ± 11.5 | 138.1 ± 12.2 | 142.5 ± 11.3 *° | 142.0 ± 15.5 *° |
DBP (mmHg) | 734 ± 5.8 | 73.6 ± 5.7 | 74.5 ± 5.7 | 72.3 ± 6.3 |
Heart Rate (bpm) | 64.0 ± 12.9 | 63.8 ± 10.4 | 66.4 ± 12.2 | 63.0 ± 10.1 |
cfPWV (m/s) | 8.8 ± 2.1 | 8.4 ± 2.5 | 9.5 ± 2.4 *° | 9.8 ± 2.2 *° |
95%CI | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Parameter | Beta Coefficient | Lower Limit | Upper Limit | Sig, |
Model 1 (Including fruit-derived fructose) | ||||
Fasting Plasma Glucose(mg/dL) | 0.018 | 0.006 | 0.025 | 0.003 |
Triglycerides(mg/dL) | 0.132 | 0.079 | 0.272 | 0.021 |
Fruit-derived fructose | 0.184 | 0.091 | 0.302 | 0.009 |
Model 2 (Including sugar-sweetened beverages) | ||||
Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate(mL/min) | −0.055 | −0.074 | −0.031 | <0.001 |
Fasting Plasma Glucose(mg/dL) | 0.019 | 0.007 | 0.028 | 0.001 |
Serum Uric Acid(mg/dL) | 0.389 | 0.229 | 0.492 | <0.001 |
Triglycerides(mg/dL) | 0.233 | 0.115 | 0.394 | 0.012 |
Sugar-sweetened beverages | 0.295 | 0.096 | 0.535 | 0.003 |
Model 3 (Including fructose load from both fruits and sugar-sweetened beverages) | ||||
Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate(mL/min) | −0.043 | −0.052 | −0.035 | <0.001 |
Fasting Plasma Glucose(mg/dL) | 0.015 | 0.008 | 0.022 | <0.001 |
Serum Uric Acid(mg/dL) | 0.391 | 0.321 | 0.486 | 0.001 |
Triglycerides(mg/dL) | 0.228 | 0.117 | 0.389 | 0.018 |
Fructose Load | 0.310 | 0.099 | 0.522 | 0.004 |
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Cicero, A.F.G.; Fogacci, F.; Desideri, G.; Grandi, E.; Rizzoli, E.; D’Addato, S.; Borghi, C. Arterial Stiffness, Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Fruits Intake in a Rural Population Sample: Data from the Brisighella Heart Study. Nutrients 2019, 11, 2674. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11112674
Cicero AFG, Fogacci F, Desideri G, Grandi E, Rizzoli E, D’Addato S, Borghi C. Arterial Stiffness, Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Fruits Intake in a Rural Population Sample: Data from the Brisighella Heart Study. Nutrients. 2019; 11(11):2674. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11112674
Chicago/Turabian StyleCicero, Arrigo F.G., Federica Fogacci, Giovambattista Desideri, Elisa Grandi, Elisabetta Rizzoli, Sergio D’Addato, and Claudio Borghi. 2019. "Arterial Stiffness, Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Fruits Intake in a Rural Population Sample: Data from the Brisighella Heart Study" Nutrients 11, no. 11: 2674. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11112674