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Volume 12
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Article

Effects of Daily Low-Dose Date Consumption on Glycemic Control, Lipid Profile, and Quality of Life in Adults with Pre- and Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial

by
Tariq A. Alalwan
1,*,
Simone Perna
1,
Qaher A. Mandeel
1,
Aalaa Abdulhadi
1,
Adel Salman Alsayyad
2,3,
Giuseppe D’Antona
4,
Massimo Negro
4,
Antonella Riva
5,
Giovanna Petrangolini
5,
Pietro Allegrini
5 and
Mariangela Rondanelli
6,7
1
Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, P.O. Box 32038, Sakhir, Bahrain
2
Public Health Directorate, Ministry of Health, Manama, Bahrain
3
Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
4
CRIAMS-Sport Medicine Centre, University of Pavia, 27058 Voghera, Italy
5
Research and Development Department, Indena SpA, 20139 Milan, Italy
6
IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
7
Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Unit of Human and Clinical Nutrition, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nutrients 2020, 12(1), 217; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12010217
Submission received: 10 November 2019 / Revised: 27 November 2019 / Accepted: 2 December 2019 / Published: 15 January 2020
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Abstract

Dates have a low glycemic index and are a source of antioxidants but, nevertheless, contain more than 70% sugar. This study aims to assess the effects of date consumption (three dates daily) on glycemic profile (HbA1c), body mass index (BMI), quality of life, and lipid profile, including total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in terms of safety for type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) subjects. A randomized controlled trial was conducted with a sample of 100 T2DM subjects (39 male and 61 female) randomly assigned in two groups. The first group received three dates daily for 16 weeks, and the control group avoided date consumption. After a 16-week follow-up period, the study results showed an improvement of lipid profile with a statistically significant decrease in total cholesterol of ∆ = −0.209 mmol/L (confidence interval (CI) 95% −0.358, −0.059; p < 0.05) and in LDL of ∆ = −0.171 mmol/L (CI 95% −0.358, 0.016) in the group receiving three dates daily. Intra-group mean differences of BMI were not statistically different in both groups after 16 weeks of date consumption. Even HbA1c did not change, both within and between groups after date consumption (∆ = 0.087%; CI 95% −0.086, 0.261). Between groups, mean difference changes (intervention minus control) showed a statistically significant improvement of quality of life index of ∆ = ± 30.66 points (CI 95% 12.45, 48.23) due to the consequent improvement in mental health. Although the definitive effect of dose/intake response of date consumption on Hb1Ac, lipid profile, and BMI in T2DM subjects is still to be established, the study suggests that dates could potentially have a beneficial effect on lipid profile, especially in reducing total cholesterol and elevating HDL, because of its high polyphenolic content. In addition, a low–moderate consumption of dates did not impact glucose levels because of dates’ low glycemic index.
Keywords: dates; obesity; diabetes; inflammation; antioxidants dates; obesity; diabetes; inflammation; antioxidants

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MDPI and ACS Style

Alalwan, T.A.; Perna, S.; Mandeel, Q.A.; Abdulhadi, A.; Alsayyad, A.S.; D’Antona, G.; Negro, M.; Riva, A.; Petrangolini, G.; Allegrini, P.; et al. Effects of Daily Low-Dose Date Consumption on Glycemic Control, Lipid Profile, and Quality of Life in Adults with Pre- and Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2020, 12, 217. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12010217

AMA Style

Alalwan TA, Perna S, Mandeel QA, Abdulhadi A, Alsayyad AS, D’Antona G, Negro M, Riva A, Petrangolini G, Allegrini P, et al. Effects of Daily Low-Dose Date Consumption on Glycemic Control, Lipid Profile, and Quality of Life in Adults with Pre- and Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients. 2020; 12(1):217. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12010217

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alalwan, Tariq A., Simone Perna, Qaher A. Mandeel, Aalaa Abdulhadi, Adel Salman Alsayyad, Giuseppe D’Antona, Massimo Negro, Antonella Riva, Giovanna Petrangolini, Pietro Allegrini, and et al. 2020. "Effects of Daily Low-Dose Date Consumption on Glycemic Control, Lipid Profile, and Quality of Life in Adults with Pre- and Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial" Nutrients 12, no. 1: 217. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12010217

APA Style

Alalwan, T. A., Perna, S., Mandeel, Q. A., Abdulhadi, A., Alsayyad, A. S., D’Antona, G., Negro, M., Riva, A., Petrangolini, G., Allegrini, P., & Rondanelli, M. (2020). Effects of Daily Low-Dose Date Consumption on Glycemic Control, Lipid Profile, and Quality of Life in Adults with Pre- and Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients, 12(1), 217. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12010217

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