Effect of Acute Caffeine Intake on the Fat Oxidation Rate during Exercise: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Search Strategy and Selection of Studies
2.2. Data Extraction
2.3. Quality Assessment of the Experiments
2.4. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Study Selection
3.2. Risk of Bias
3.3. Descriptions of the Participants’ Characteristics
3.4. Descriptions of the Intervention Characteristics
3.5. Caffeine Effects during Exercise
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Study | Intake | Form | Dose | Protocol | Device | Testing | Fasting |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bangsbo 1992 [39] | 30 min before exercise | 5 × 100 mg caffeine tablets | 500 mg (~7mg/kg) | 40 min at 80% VO2max | TRE | CONT | Overnight |
Beaumont 2016 [40] | 60 min before exercise | Capsule | 3 mg/kg | 60 min at 60% VO2peak | CYC | CONT | Overnight |
Bruce 2000 [41] | ~40–50 min before exercise | Capsule | 6 mg/kg | 6 min at 80% HRpeak | ROW | CONT | 12 h fast |
Chad 1989 [43] | 60 min before exercise | Caffeine-containing juice | 5 mg/kg | 90 min of walking at 55% VO2max | TRE | CONT | >5 h |
Clark 2020 [44] | ~90 min before exercise | Caffeine-containing drink | 140 mg (~2 mg/kg) | GXT (M: 35 W/3min and F: 25 W/3 min) | CYC | INC | 8 h |
Costill 1978 [3] | 60 min before exercise | Decaffeinated coffee plus caffeine | 330 mg (~4.7 mg/kg) | 80% VO2max until exhaustion | CYC | CONT | 6–12 h |
Damirchi 2009 [16] | 60 min before exercise | Capsule | 5 mg/kg | 30 min at 60% VO2max | TRE | CONT | Overnight |
Donelly 1992 [45] | 60 min before exercise | Caffeine-containing drink | 5 mg/kg | 90 min at 55% VO2max | CYC | CONT | Overnight |
Engels 1992 [35] | 60 min before exercise | Caffeine-containing drink | 5 mg/kg | 60 min walking at 30% and at 50% VO2max | TRE | CONT | Overnight |
Engels 1999 [46] | 60 min before exercise | Caffeine-free diet cola plus caffeine | 5 mg/kg | 60 min at 30% VO2max | CYC | CONT | Overnight |
Essig 1980 [8] | 60 min before exercise | Caffeine-containing drink | 5 mg/kg | 30 min at ~70% VO2max | CYC | CONT | 12 h |
Graham 2000 [10] | 60 min before exercise | Capsule | 6 mg/kg | 60 min at 70% VO2max. | CYC | CONT | Overnight |
Hodgson 2013 [36] | 60 min before exercise | Decaffeinated coffee plus caffeine | 5 mg/kg | 30 min at 50% Wmax (~55% VO2max). | CYC | CONT | Overnight |
Kumar 2019 [37] | 40 min before exercise | Caffeine-containing drink | 3 mg/kg | 25 min at 10% below LT | CYC | CONT | Overnight |
Powers 1983 [49] | 60 min before exercise | Capsule | 5 mg/kg | GXT with 30 W/3 min | CYC | INC | 6 h |
Roy 2001 [47] | 75 min before exercise | Capsule | 6 mg/kg | 60 min at 65% VO2peak | CYC | CONT | 10 h |
Schubert 2014 [38] | 60 min before exercise | Caffeine-containing drink | 3 mg/kg | 60 min at 60% VO2max | CYC | CONT | Overnight |
Titlow 1991 [17] | 60 min before exercise | Capsules | 200 mg (~2.4 mg/kg) | 60 min at 60% HRmax | TRE | CONT | Overnight |
Wallman 2010 [48] | 60 min before exercise | Capsule | 6 mg/kg | 15 min at 65% HRmax | CYC | CONT | 12 h fast |
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Study/Item | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | Total Score |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bangsbo 1992 [39] | N | Y | N | Y | N | N | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | 6/10 |
Beaumont 2016 [40] | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | 10/10 |
Bruce 2000 [41] | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | 9/10 |
Chad 1989 [43] | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | 9/10 |
Clark 2020 [44] | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | N | Y | Y | 8/10 |
Costill 1978 [3] | N | Y | N | Y | Y | N | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | 8/10 |
Damirchi 2009 [16] | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | 9/10 |
Donelly 1992 [45] | N | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | 8/10 |
Engels 1992 [35] | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | 9/10 |
Engels 1999 [46] | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | 9/10 |
Essig 1980 [8] | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | 8/10 |
Graham 2000 [10] | N | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | 8/10 |
Hodgson 2013 [36] | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | 9/10 |
Kumar 2019 [37] | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | 8/10 |
Powers 1983 [49] | N | N | Y | Y | Y | N | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | 7/10 |
Roy 2001 [47] | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | 9/10 |
Schubert 2014 [38] | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | 9/10 |
Titlow 1991 [17] | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | 9/10 |
Wallman 2010 [48] | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | 9/10 |
Study | Design | Age (Years) | Sample Size | Physical Activity Level | Habitual Caffeine Intake |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bangsbo 1992 [39] | RDB | 33 (26–39) | 6 | Long-distance runners with 6 years of experience. Training volume ~58 km/week | 6 (0–8) cups of coffee |
Beaumont 2016 [40] | RDB | 21 ± 2 | 18 men | Recreationally active practitioners | <75 mg/day |
Bruce 2000 [41] | RDB | Not reported | 8 men | Well and regularly trained rowers | Not reported |
Chad 1989 [43] | RDB | 21 ± 1.5 | 5 women | Untrained (sedentary) individuals | Unhabituated |
Clark 2020 [44] | RDB | 22.9 ± 0.7 (18–35) | 32 men (15) and women (17) | Recreationally active individuals, with less than 150 min/week of exercise in the last 6 months | 832 ± 69 mg/week |
Costill 1978 [3] | RSB | Men: 22.4; Women: 20.5 | 9 men (7) and women (2) | Competitive cyclists | Not reported |
Damirchi 2009 [16] | RDB | 21.8 ± 1.3 | 6 men | Participants in leisure physical activities (not competitive) | >300 mg/day |
Donelly 1992 [45] | RDB | 20.5 (SEM 0.5) | 6 women | Untrained participants | <220 mg/day |
Engels 1992 [35] | RDB | 23.5 (21–28) | 8 men | Sedentary individuals with VO2max between 30 and 45 mL/kg/min | 125 mg/day |
Engels 1999 [46] | RDB | 26.9 (SEM 1.4) | 8 adults (1 woman) | Recreational practitioners (not competitive athletes) | 240.9 mg (SEM 57.8) mg/day |
Essig 1980 [8] | RSB | 24.7 ± 2.2 | 7 men | Active individuals | Not reported |
Graham 2000 [10] | DB | 25.7 (20–28) | 10 men | Healthy individuals | Not reported |
Hodgson 2013 [36] | RSB | 41 ± 7 | 8 men | Cyclists or triathletes who trained 3 or more times per week (90–min/session) in the previous two years | ≤300 mg/day |
Kumar 2019 [37] | DB | Athletes group: 27.7 ± 5.5; sedentary group: 26.8 ± 7.0 | 12 athletes and 12 healthy sedentary men (10) and women (2) | Endurance cycling, triathlon, and cross-country athletes practicing >360 min/week of exercise training | <500 mg/day |
Powers 1983 [49] | SB | 28 (SEM 1.1) | 7 men | Recreationally trained bicyclists with 4 to 7 sessions/week. | Not reported |
Roy 2001 [47] | RDB | Not reported | 12, 7 men and 5 women | Endurance athletes with VO2max > 50 and 60 mL/ki/min for women and men, respectively. | Not reported |
Schubert 2014 [38] | RDB | 24.9 ± 4.4 | 14 women (8) and men (6) | Recreational exercise practitioners of ≥30 min of moderate-intensity exercise/day, ≥3 days/week | 206 ± 194 mg/day |
Titlow 1991 [17] | RDB | 25.0 ± 3.6 | 5 men | Involved in programs of running, cycling, and a variety of sports and games. | Not reported |
Wallman 2010 [48] | RDB | 22 ± 2 | 10 women | Healthy sedentary practicing < 20 min of exercise, <3 days/week | <100 mg/day |
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Collado-Mateo, D.; Lavín-Pérez, A.M.; Merellano-Navarro, E.; Coso, J.D. Effect of Acute Caffeine Intake on the Fat Oxidation Rate during Exercise: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2020, 12, 3603. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12123603
Collado-Mateo D, Lavín-Pérez AM, Merellano-Navarro E, Coso JD. Effect of Acute Caffeine Intake on the Fat Oxidation Rate during Exercise: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients. 2020; 12(12):3603. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12123603
Chicago/Turabian StyleCollado-Mateo, Daniel, Ana Myriam Lavín-Pérez, Eugenio Merellano-Navarro, and Juan Del Coso. 2020. "Effect of Acute Caffeine Intake on the Fat Oxidation Rate during Exercise: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis" Nutrients 12, no. 12: 3603. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12123603