Does Caesarean Section or Preterm Delivery Influence TGF-β2 Concentrations in Human Colostrum?
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Design
2.2. Study Population
2.3. Collection of Human Colostrum (HC)
2.4. Quantification of Transforming Growth Factor β (TGF-β2) in Human Colostrum
2.5. Statistical Analysis
2.6. Ethical Approval
3. Results
3.1. Description of Study Participants
3.2. Measurements of TGF-β2 Concentrations
3.3. Gestational Age at the Time of Delivery
3.4. Mode of Delivery
Term Delivery
4. Discussion
5. Summary
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Inclusion Criteria | Exclusion Criteria |
---|---|
Informed consent to participate in the study | Lack of informed consent to participate in the study |
Vaginal delivery | Assisted vaginal delivery |
Surgical delivery | Active mother’s infection |
Adequate colostrum lactation for the collection of samples | Breast infection/inflammations |
Single pregnancy | Chronic antibiotic therapy |
Autoimmune diseases | |
Gestational diabetes | |
HELLP * syndrome | |
Preeclampsia and eclampsia | |
Multiple pregnancy | |
Smoking |
Number of Patients | Mean Gestational Age ± Standard Deviation (SD) | Mean TGF-β2 Concentration in HC [ng/mL] | SD | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Extremely preterm, ≤28 WG | 3 | 27.00 ± 1.73 | 3685 | ±1032 |
Very preterm, 29–32 WG | 6 | 26.50 ± 1.70 | 4235 | ±664 |
Late preterm, 33–366/7 WG | 39 | 34.95 ± 2.94 | 6026 | ±622 |
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Share and Cite
Kociszewska-Najman, B.; Sibanda, E.; Radomska-Leśniewska, D.M.; Taradaj, K.; Kociołek, P.; Ginda, T.; Gruszfeld, M.; Jankowska-Steifer, E.; Pietrzak, B.; Wielgoś, M.; et al. Does Caesarean Section or Preterm Delivery Influence TGF-β2 Concentrations in Human Colostrum? Nutrients 2020, 12, 1095. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12041095
Kociszewska-Najman B, Sibanda E, Radomska-Leśniewska DM, Taradaj K, Kociołek P, Ginda T, Gruszfeld M, Jankowska-Steifer E, Pietrzak B, Wielgoś M, et al. Does Caesarean Section or Preterm Delivery Influence TGF-β2 Concentrations in Human Colostrum? Nutrients. 2020; 12(4):1095. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12041095
Chicago/Turabian StyleKociszewska-Najman, Bożena, Elopy Sibanda, Dorota M. Radomska-Leśniewska, Karol Taradaj, Patrycja Kociołek, Tomasz Ginda, Monika Gruszfeld, Ewa Jankowska-Steifer, Bronisława Pietrzak, Mirosław Wielgoś, and et al. 2020. "Does Caesarean Section or Preterm Delivery Influence TGF-β2 Concentrations in Human Colostrum?" Nutrients 12, no. 4: 1095. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12041095
APA StyleKociszewska-Najman, B., Sibanda, E., Radomska-Leśniewska, D. M., Taradaj, K., Kociołek, P., Ginda, T., Gruszfeld, M., Jankowska-Steifer, E., Pietrzak, B., Wielgoś, M., & Malejczyk, J. (2020). Does Caesarean Section or Preterm Delivery Influence TGF-β2 Concentrations in Human Colostrum? Nutrients, 12(4), 1095. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12041095