L-Ascorbic Acid Inhibits Breast Cancer Growth by Inducing IRE/JNK/CHOP-Related Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated p62/SQSTM1 Accumulation in the Nucleus
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Material
2.2. Cell Lines and Cell Cultures
2.3. Trypan Blue Assay
2.4. Colony Formation Assay
2.5. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Measurement
2.6. Apoptosis Analysis Assay
2.7. Western Blotting
2.8. Immunocytochemistry
2.9. Surface DR5 Expression Analysis
2.10. Transfection
2.11. Inhibitor Treatment
2.12. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. L-AA Induces Apoptosis of Breast Cancer Cells
3.2. L-AA-Induced Apoptosis Is Not Correlated to the Intracellular ROS Generation
3.3. L-AA Induces Autophagosome Formation, While Increasing p62 Accumulation in the Nucleus
3.4. L-AA Induces ER Stress in Breast Cancer Cells
3.5. L-AA Inhibits Breast Cancer Growth via IRE1/JNK/CHOP Signaling
3.6. L-AA-Induced IRE Signaling Causes p62 Accumulation in the Nucleus
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Choi, Y.K.; Kang, J.-I.; Han, S.; Kim, Y.R.; Jo, J.; Kang, Y.W.; Choo, D.R.; Hyun, J.W.; Koh, Y.S.; Yoo, E.-S.; et al. L-Ascorbic Acid Inhibits Breast Cancer Growth by Inducing IRE/JNK/CHOP-Related Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated p62/SQSTM1 Accumulation in the Nucleus. Nutrients 2020, 12, 1351. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12051351
Choi YK, Kang J-I, Han S, Kim YR, Jo J, Kang YW, Choo DR, Hyun JW, Koh YS, Yoo E-S, et al. L-Ascorbic Acid Inhibits Breast Cancer Growth by Inducing IRE/JNK/CHOP-Related Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated p62/SQSTM1 Accumulation in the Nucleus. Nutrients. 2020; 12(5):1351. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12051351
Chicago/Turabian StyleChoi, Youn Kyung, Jung-Il Kang, Sanghoon Han, Young Ree Kim, Jaemin Jo, Yong Woo Kang, Do Ryeon Choo, Jin Won Hyun, Young Sang Koh, Eun-Sook Yoo, and et al. 2020. "L-Ascorbic Acid Inhibits Breast Cancer Growth by Inducing IRE/JNK/CHOP-Related Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated p62/SQSTM1 Accumulation in the Nucleus" Nutrients 12, no. 5: 1351. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12051351