Natural Variation of Hazelnut Allergenicity: Is There Any Potential for Selecting Hypoallergenic Varieties?
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Material
2.2. DNA Extraction
2.3. Gene Selection and Primer Design
2.4. Real-Time PCR
2.5. Sequencing
2.6. End-Point PCR
2.7. Protein Extraction
2.8. One-Dimensional Electrophoresis (1-DE)
2.9. Two-Dimensional Electrophoresis (2-DE)
2.10. Allergic Patients and Immunoblot
2.11. Mass Spectrometry and Protein Identification
2.12. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Cor a 8, Cor a 9 and Cor a 14 Gene Quantification
3.2. Protein Polymorphism
3.3. Allergenic Potential
3.4. Allergen Identification
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Patient | Sex | Age | Hazelnut Allergy | Concomitant Other Food Allergies | Concomitant Allergy to Aeroallergens | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Symptoms | CAP specific IgE (f17; kUA/L) | |||||
1 | M | 4 | Urticaria | 75.9 | Yes | Yes |
2 | F | 18 | Urticaria, anaphylaxis | 35.3 | Yes | Yes |
3 | M | 71 | Eczema, rhinitis, asthma | 40.9 | Yes | Yes |
4 | M | 19 | Angioedema | 55.1 | Yes | Yes |
5 | F | 28 | Angioedema, anaphylaxis | 21.6 | Yes | Yes |
6 | F | 45 | Rhinitis, angioedema | 65.4 | Yes | Yes |
7 | M | 29 | Rhinitis | 21.3 | Yes | No |
Spot * | Protein | Function | UniProt † | Mw (Da) | Score | Significant Unique Sequences | MS Coverage (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 48-kDa glycoprotein | Nutrient reservoir | Q8S4P9 | 50,856 | 1362 | 17 | 39 |
2 | 48-kDa glycoprotein | Nutrient reservoir | Q8S4P9 | 50,856 | 1351 | 18 | 45 |
3 | 48-kDa glycoprotein | Nutrient reservoir | Q8S4P9 | 50,856 | 1377 | 19 | 48 |
4 | 48-kDa glycoprotein | Nutrient reservoir | Q8S4P9 | 50,856 | 1104 | 19 | 47 |
5 | 48-kDa glycoprotein | Nutrient reservoir | Q8S4P9 | 50,856 | 1353 | 19 | 47 |
7 | Cor a 9 allergen | Nutrient reservoir | A0A0A0P7E3 | 58,837 | 789 | 11 | 26 |
8 | Cor a 9 allergen | Nutrient reservoir | A0A0A0P7E3 | 58,837 | 463 | 10 | 25 |
9 | Cor a 9 allergen | Nutrient reservoir | A0A0A0P7E3 | 58,837 | 389 | 7 | 30 |
10 | Cor a 9 allergen | Nutrient reservoir | A0A0A0P7E3 | 58,837 | 708 | 14 | 35 |
11 | Cor a 9 allergen | Nutrient reservoir | A0A0A0P7E3 | 58,837 | 186 | 4 | 18 |
12 | Cor a 9 allergen | Nutrient reservoir | A0A0A0P7E3 | 58,837 | 616 | 9 | 29 |
13 | Cor a 9 allergen | Nutrient reservoir | A0A0A0P7E3 | 58,837 | 377 | 7 | 19 |
16 | Cor a 9 allergen | Nutrient reservoir | A0A0A0P7E3 | 58,837 | 676 | 9 | 27 |
19 | Cor a 9 allergen | Nutrient reservoir | A0A0A0P7E3 | 58,837 | 669 | 10 | 30 |
21 | 48-kDa glycoprotein | Nutrient reservoir | Q8S4P9 | 50,856 | 299 | 7 | 16 |
22 | Variant Cor a 1.0403 | Defense response | Q9FPK3 | 17,527 | 406 | 11 | 76 |
23 | 48-kDa glycoprotein | Nutrient reservoir | Q8S4P9 | 50,856 | 735 | 13 | 31 |
24 | 48-kDa glycoprotein | Nutrient reservoir | Q8S4P9 | 50,856 | 140 | 5 | 16 |
25 | Cor a 9 allergen | Nutrient reservoir | A0A0A0P7E3 | 58,837 | 375 | 4 | 21 |
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Ribeiro, M.; Costa, J.; Mafra, I.; Cabo, S.; Silva, A.P.; Gonçalves, B.; Hillion, M.; Hébraud, M.; Igrejas, G. Natural Variation of Hazelnut Allergenicity: Is There Any Potential for Selecting Hypoallergenic Varieties? Nutrients 2020, 12, 2100. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12072100
Ribeiro M, Costa J, Mafra I, Cabo S, Silva AP, Gonçalves B, Hillion M, Hébraud M, Igrejas G. Natural Variation of Hazelnut Allergenicity: Is There Any Potential for Selecting Hypoallergenic Varieties? Nutrients. 2020; 12(7):2100. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12072100
Chicago/Turabian StyleRibeiro, Miguel, Joana Costa, Isabel Mafra, Sandra Cabo, Ana Paula Silva, Berta Gonçalves, Mélanie Hillion, Michel Hébraud, and Gilberto Igrejas. 2020. "Natural Variation of Hazelnut Allergenicity: Is There Any Potential for Selecting Hypoallergenic Varieties?" Nutrients 12, no. 7: 2100. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12072100