Energy Gap between Doubly Labeled Water-Based Energy Expenditure and Calculated Energy Intake from Recipes and Plate Waste, and Subsequent Weight Changes in Elderly Residents in Japanese Long-Term Care Facilities: CLEVER Study

Nishida, Yuki; Tanaka, Shigeho; Nakae, Satoshi; Yamada, Yosuke; Shirato, Hiroyuki; Hirano, Hirohiko; Sasaki, Satoshi; Katsukawa, Fuminori

doi:10.3390/nu12092677

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Energy Gap between Doubly Labeled Water-Based Energy Expenditure and Calculated Energy Intake from Recipes and Plate Waste, and Subsequent Weight Changes in Elderly Residents in Japanese Long-Term Care Facilities: CLEVER Study

by

Yuki Nishida

^1,2,

Shigeho Tanaka

^1,3,*,

Satoshi Nakae

^1,4,

Yosuke Yamada

^1,5

,

Hiroyuki Shirato

⁶,

Hirohiko Hirano

⁷,

Satoshi Sasaki

⁸ and

Fuminori Katsukawa

²

¹

Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan

²

Sports Medicine Research Center, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8521, Japan

³

Faculty of Nutrition, Kagawa Nutrition University, Saitama 350-0288, Japan

⁴

Division of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka 560-8531, Japan

⁵

Institute for Active Health, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, Kyoto 615-8577, Japan

⁶

Silverpia-Kaga Long-Term Care Health Facility, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan

⁷

Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan

⁸

Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Nutrients 2020, 12(9), 2677; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12092677

Submission received: 20 July 2020 / Revised: 26 August 2020 / Accepted: 28 August 2020 / Published: 2 September 2020

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Intake and Physical Activity for Human Health)

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Abstract

Unintentional weight loss is a major frailty component; thus, assessing energy imbalance is essential for institutionalized elderly residents. This study examined prediction errors of the observed energy intake (OEI) against the actual energy intake obtained from the doubly labeled water (DLW) method and clarified the relationship between the energy gap obtained by subtracting total energy expenditure (TEE) from OEI and subsequent weight changes in elderly residents in long-term care facilities. Overall, 46 participants were recruited in Japan. TEE was measured using the DLW method, and OEI was calculated from recipes and plate waste simultaneously over a 14–15-day period at baseline. The total energy intake (TEI_DLW) was determined on the basis of DLW and weight changes during the DLW period. The weight was longitudinally tracked monthly for 12 months in the 28 residents who still lived at the facilities. OEI was higher than TEI_DLW by a mean of 232 kcal/day (15.3%) among 46 residents at baseline. The longitudinal data of 28 residents showed that the energy gap tended to be correlated with the slope of weight change (ρ = 0.337, p = 0.080) and the median value was significantly lower in the weight loss group (152 kcal/day) than in the weight gain group (350 kcal/day) (p < 0.05). In conclusion, weight loss could occur at Japanese long-term care facilities even if the difference obtained by subtracting TEE from OEI was positive because OEI was overestimated by more than 200 kcal/day.

Keywords: doubly labeled water; long-term care facility; observed energy intake; total energy expenditure; weight loss

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MDPI and ACS Style

Nishida, Y.; Tanaka, S.; Nakae, S.; Yamada, Y.; Shirato, H.; Hirano, H.; Sasaki, S.; Katsukawa, F. Energy Gap between Doubly Labeled Water-Based Energy Expenditure and Calculated Energy Intake from Recipes and Plate Waste, and Subsequent Weight Changes in Elderly Residents in Japanese Long-Term Care Facilities: CLEVER Study. Nutrients 2020, 12, 2677. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12092677

AMA Style

Nishida Y, Tanaka S, Nakae S, Yamada Y, Shirato H, Hirano H, Sasaki S, Katsukawa F. Energy Gap between Doubly Labeled Water-Based Energy Expenditure and Calculated Energy Intake from Recipes and Plate Waste, and Subsequent Weight Changes in Elderly Residents in Japanese Long-Term Care Facilities: CLEVER Study. Nutrients. 2020; 12(9):2677. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12092677

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nishida, Yuki, Shigeho Tanaka, Satoshi Nakae, Yosuke Yamada, Hiroyuki Shirato, Hirohiko Hirano, Satoshi Sasaki, and Fuminori Katsukawa. 2020. "Energy Gap between Doubly Labeled Water-Based Energy Expenditure and Calculated Energy Intake from Recipes and Plate Waste, and Subsequent Weight Changes in Elderly Residents in Japanese Long-Term Care Facilities: CLEVER Study" Nutrients 12, no. 9: 2677. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12092677

APA Style

Nishida, Y., Tanaka, S., Nakae, S., Yamada, Y., Shirato, H., Hirano, H., Sasaki, S., & Katsukawa, F. (2020). Energy Gap between Doubly Labeled Water-Based Energy Expenditure and Calculated Energy Intake from Recipes and Plate Waste, and Subsequent Weight Changes in Elderly Residents in Japanese Long-Term Care Facilities: CLEVER Study. Nutrients, 12(9), 2677. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12092677

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Energy Gap between Doubly Labeled Water-Based Energy Expenditure and Calculated Energy Intake from Recipes and Plate Waste, and Subsequent Weight Changes in Elderly Residents in Japanese Long-Term Care Facilities: CLEVER Study

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