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Nutrients
Volume 13
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10.3390/nu13113743
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Article

BMI, Alcohol Consumption and Gut Microbiome Species Richness Are Related to Structural and Functional Neurological Abnormalities

by
Corinna Geisler
1,†,
Jil Pankoke
1,†,
Kristina Schlicht
1,
Carina Knappe
1,
Nathalie Rohmann
1,
Katharina Hartmann
1,
Ute Settgast
1,
Kathrin Türk
1,
Anna Katharina Seoudy
1,2,
Andre Franke
3,
Stefan Schreiber
2,3,
Dominik M. Schulte
1,2 and
Matthias Laudes
1,2,*
1
Institute of Diabetes and Clinical Metabolic Research, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
2
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
3
Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein and University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Nutrients 2021, 13(11), 3743; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13113743
Submission received: 6 October 2021 / Revised: 19 October 2021 / Accepted: 21 October 2021 / Published: 23 October 2021
(This article belongs to the Collection Connection between Microbiome, Lifestyle and Diet)
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Abstract

Background: The incidence of neurological diseases is increasing throughout the world. The aim of the present study was to identify nutrition and microbiome factors related to structural and functional neurological abnormalities to optimize future preventive strategies. Methods: Two hundred thirty-eight patients suffering from (1) structural (neurodegeneration) or (2) functional (epilepsy) neurological abnormalities or (3) chronic pain (migraine) and 612 healthy control subjects were analyzed by validated 12-month food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and 16S rRNA microbiome sequencing (from stool samples). A binomial logistic regression model was applied for risk calculation and functional pathway analysis to show which functional pathway could discriminate cases and healthy controls. Results: Detailed analysis of more than 60 macro- and micronutrients revealed no distinct significant difference between cases and controls, whereas BMI, insulin resistance and metabolic inflammation in addition to alcohol consumption were major drivers of an overall neurological disease risk. The gut microbiome analysis showed decreased alpha diversity (Shannon index: p = 9.1× 10−7) and species richness (p = 1.2 × 10−8) in the case group as well as significant differences in beta diversity between cases and controls (Bray–Curtis: p = 9.99 × 10−4; Jaccard: p = 9.99 × 10−4). The Shannon index showed a beneficial effect (OR = 0.59 (95%-CI (0.40, 0.87); p = 8 × 10−3). Cases were clearly discriminated from healthy controls by environmental information processing, signal transduction, two component system and membrane transport as significantly different functional pathways. Conclusions: In conclusion, our data indicate that an overall healthy lifestyle, in contrast to supplementation of single micro- or macronutrients, is most likely to reduce overall neurological abnormality risk and that the gut microbiome is an interesting target to develop novel preventive strategies.
Keywords: gut–brain axis; neurological health; gut microbiome; nutrition gut–brain axis; neurological health; gut microbiome; nutrition

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MDPI and ACS Style

Geisler, C.; Pankoke, J.; Schlicht, K.; Knappe, C.; Rohmann, N.; Hartmann, K.; Settgast, U.; Türk, K.; Seoudy, A.K.; Franke, A.; et al. BMI, Alcohol Consumption and Gut Microbiome Species Richness Are Related to Structural and Functional Neurological Abnormalities. Nutrients 2021, 13, 3743. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13113743

AMA Style

Geisler C, Pankoke J, Schlicht K, Knappe C, Rohmann N, Hartmann K, Settgast U, Türk K, Seoudy AK, Franke A, et al. BMI, Alcohol Consumption and Gut Microbiome Species Richness Are Related to Structural and Functional Neurological Abnormalities. Nutrients. 2021; 13(11):3743. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13113743

Chicago/Turabian Style

Geisler, Corinna, Jil Pankoke, Kristina Schlicht, Carina Knappe, Nathalie Rohmann, Katharina Hartmann, Ute Settgast, Kathrin Türk, Anna Katharina Seoudy, Andre Franke, and et al. 2021. "BMI, Alcohol Consumption and Gut Microbiome Species Richness Are Related to Structural and Functional Neurological Abnormalities" Nutrients 13, no. 11: 3743. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13113743

APA Style

Geisler, C., Pankoke, J., Schlicht, K., Knappe, C., Rohmann, N., Hartmann, K., Settgast, U., Türk, K., Seoudy, A. K., Franke, A., Schreiber, S., Schulte, D. M., & Laudes, M. (2021). BMI, Alcohol Consumption and Gut Microbiome Species Richness Are Related to Structural and Functional Neurological Abnormalities. Nutrients, 13(11), 3743. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13113743

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