Time-Restricted Feeding in Mice Prevents the Disruption of the Peripheral Circadian Clocks and Its Metabolic Impact during Chronic Jetlag
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Mice
2.2. Experimental Design
2.2.1. Chronic Jetlag Model
2.2.2. Time-Restricted Feeding Model
2.3. Analysis of Fecal SCFA Concentrations
2.4. Quantitative Real-Time PCR
2.5. Plasma Hormone Measurements
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. TRF Selectively Restored the Disruption of the Central Circadian Clock during Chronic Jetlag
3.2. TRF Prevented the Increase in Body Mass Induced by Chronic Jetlag
3.3. TRF Partially Prevented the Changes in Rhythmicity of Plasma Ghrelin and Blood Glucose Levels Caused by Chronic Jetlag
3.4. TRF Prevented the Rhythmicity in Npy mRNA Expression in the Hypothalamus That Was Abolished by Chronic Jetlag
3.5. TRF Prevented Alterations in Diurnal Fluctuations in Fecal SCFA Concentrations Caused by Chronic Jetlag
3.6. TRF Partially Prevented Changes in Clock Gene Expression of Colonic Mucosa Caused by Chronic Jetlag
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Gene | Forward Primer Sequence | Reverse Primer Sequence |
---|---|---|
β-actin | CCTGTGCTGCTCACCGAGGC | GACCCCGTCTCTCCGGAGTCCATC |
Cycloph | GGAGATGGCACAGGAGGAAA | CCCGTAGTGCTTCAGCTTGAA |
Hmbs | CTGAAGGATGTGCCTACCATAC | AAGGTTTCCAGGGTCTTTCC |
Tbp | AGGATGCTCTAGGGAAGAT | TGAATAGGCTGTGGAGTAAGT |
Npy | CCGCTCTGCGACACTACAT | TGTCTCAGGGCTGGATCTCT |
Agrp | GCGGAGGTGCTAGATCCA | AGGACTCGTGCAGCCTTA |
GHS-R | TCAGGGACCAGAACCACAAA | CCAGCAGAGGATGAAAGCAA |
Arntl | CGTTTCTCGACACGCAATAGAT | TCCTGTGGTAGATACGCCAAAA |
Reverbα | CCCTGGACTCCAATAACAACACA | GCCATTGGAGCTGTCACTGTAG |
Condition | p Value Cosinor | Acrophase (h) (±SD) | Amplitude | Mesor (±SD) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hypothalamus | Circadian Clock | Arntl | Ctrl RF | <0.001 | 23h38 (±0h46) | 0.38 | 1.44 (±0.05) |
JL AL | ns | NA | NA | NA | |||
JL RF | ns | NA | NA | NA | |||
Reverbα | Ctrl RF | <0.001 | 11h47 (±0h56) | 0.39 | 1.52 (±0.07) | ||
JL AL | <0.05 | 16h07 (±1h11) ** | 0.25 | 1.39 (±0.06) | |||
JL RF | <0.05 | 11h50 (±1h23) # | 0.25 | 1.49 (±0.06) | |||
GHS-R | Ctrl RF | NA | NA | NA | NA | ||
JL AL | NA | NA | NA | NA | |||
JL RF | NA | NA | NA | NA | |||
Npy | Ctrl RF | <0.05 | 3h29 (±1h19) | 0.52 | 1.71 (±0.13) | ||
JL AL | ns | NA | NA | NA | |||
JL RF | =0.05 | 5h37 (±1h22) | 0.38 | 1.37 (±0.10) * | |||
Agrp | Ctrl RF | <0.05 | 3h02 (±1h24) | 0.44 | 1.43 (±0.12) | ||
JL AL | <0.05 | 5h10 (±1h16) | 0.35 | 1.08 (±0.08) * | |||
JL RF | <0.05 | 4h24 (±1h07) | 0.46 | 1.25 (±0.10) | |||
Plasma | Corticosterone | Ctrl RF | <0.05 | 14h46 (±1h16) | 27996.33 | 34348.46 (±5488.43) | |
JL AL | ns | NA | NA | NA | |||
JL RF | ns | NA | NA | NA | |||
Total ghrelin | Ctrl RF | <0.001 | 8h03 (±0h29) | 4073.69 | 9306.82 (±351.71) | ||
JL AL | ns | NA | NA | NA | |||
JL RF | <0.001 | 8h04 (±0h37) | 2765.73 * | 7359.93 (±312.97) *** | |||
Octanoylated ghrelin | Ctrl RF | <0.001 | 7h36 (±0h46) | 16.99 | 43.89 (±2.42) | ||
JL AL | ns | NA | NA | NA | |||
JL RF | <0.05 | 9h49 (±1h16) | 9.73 | 43.07 (±2.27) | |||
Glucose | Ctrl RF | <0.05 | 4h42 (±1h18) | 18.88 | 226.65 (±4.92) | ||
JL AL | ns | NA | NA | NA | |||
JL RF | <0.05 | 6h37 (±1h03) | 22.88 | 207.22 (±4.45) ** | |||
Fecal SCFA | Acetate | Ctrl RF | <0.01 | 4h28 (±0h57) | 3.84 | 24.62 (±0.67) | |
JL AL | ns | NA | NA | NA | |||
JL RF | <0.05 | 6h39 (±1h14) | 3.08 | 25.64 (±0.71) | |||
Butyrate | Ctrl RF | <0.001 | 3h00 (±0h32) | 1.78 | 2.66 (±0.16) | ||
JL AL | ns | NA | NA | NA | |||
JL RF | <0.001 | 3h13 (±0h41) | 1.23 | 2.47 (±0.15) | |||
Propionate | Ctrl RF | <0.001 | 5h44 (±0h41) | 0.68 | 2.11 (±0.86) | ||
JL AL | <0.05 | 12h48 (±1h24) *** | 0.44 | 2.89 (±0.12) *** | |||
JL RF | <0.05 | 5h35 (±1h12) ### | 0.49 | 2.58 (±0.11) *** | |||
Total SCFA | Ctrl RF | <0.001 | 4h14 (±0h45) | 2.92 | 29.68 (±0.88) | ||
JL AL | ns | NA | NA | NA | |||
JL RF | <0.05 | 5h51 (±1h04) | 4.70 | 30.99 (±0.93) | |||
Distal Colonic Mucosa | Circadian Clock | Arntl | Ctrl RF | <0.001 | 1h07 (±0h11) | 0.57 | 0.50 (±0.02) |
JL AL | <0.001 | 7h02 (±0h15) *** | 0.44 ** | 0.52 (±0.02) | |||
JL RF | <0.001 | 3h05 (±0h12) *** ### | 0.54 # | 0.49 (±0.02) | |||
Reverbα | Ctrl RF | <0.001 | 9h54 (±0h11) | 7.60 | 1.97 (±0.14) | ||
JL AL | <0.001 | 16h23 (±0h14) *** | 5.03 * | 2.10 (±0.15) | |||
JL RF | <0.001 | 12h29 (±0h12) *** ### | 6.03 | 2.01 (±0.15) |
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Desmet, L.; Thijs, T.; Mas, R.; Verbeke, K.; Depoortere, I. Time-Restricted Feeding in Mice Prevents the Disruption of the Peripheral Circadian Clocks and Its Metabolic Impact during Chronic Jetlag. Nutrients 2021, 13, 3846. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13113846
Desmet L, Thijs T, Mas R, Verbeke K, Depoortere I. Time-Restricted Feeding in Mice Prevents the Disruption of the Peripheral Circadian Clocks and Its Metabolic Impact during Chronic Jetlag. Nutrients. 2021; 13(11):3846. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13113846
Chicago/Turabian StyleDesmet, Louis, Theo Thijs, Rosalie Mas, Kristin Verbeke, and Inge Depoortere. 2021. "Time-Restricted Feeding in Mice Prevents the Disruption of the Peripheral Circadian Clocks and Its Metabolic Impact during Chronic Jetlag" Nutrients 13, no. 11: 3846. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13113846