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Nutrients
Volume 13
Issue 7
10.3390/nu13072302
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Review

Maternal Diet, Nutritional Status, and Birth-Related Factors Influencing Offspring’s Bone Mineral Density: A Narrative Review of Observational, Cohort, and Randomized Controlled Trials

by
Daria Masztalerz-Kozubek
,
Monika A. Zielinska-Pukos
and
Jadwiga Hamulka
*
Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nutrients 2021, 13(7), 2302; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13072302
Submission received: 13 May 2021 / Revised: 22 June 2021 / Accepted: 1 July 2021 / Published: 4 July 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Perinatal Nutrition Interventions)
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Abstract

There is growing evidence that bone health may be programmed in the first years of life. Factors during the prenatal period, especially maternal nutrition, may have an influence on offspring’s skeletal development and thus the risk of osteoporosis in further life, which is an increasing societal, health and economic burden. However, it is still inconclusive which early life factors are the most important and to what extent they may affect bone health. We searched through three databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library) and after eligibility criteria were met, the results of 49 articles were analyzed. This narrative review is an overall summary of up-to-date studies on maternal diet, nutritional status, and birth-related factors that may affect offspring bone development, particularly bone mineral density (BMD). Maternal vitamin D status and diet in pregnancy, anthropometry and birth weight seem to influence BMD, however other factors such as subsequent growth may mediate these associations. Due to the ambiguity of the results in the analyzed studies, future, well-designed studies are needed to address the limitations of the present study.
Keywords: bone mineral density; bone health; bone development; osteoporosis; prenatal exposure; prenatal nutrition bone mineral density; bone health; bone development; osteoporosis; prenatal exposure; prenatal nutrition
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MDPI and ACS Style

Masztalerz-Kozubek, D.; Zielinska-Pukos, M.A.; Hamulka, J. Maternal Diet, Nutritional Status, and Birth-Related Factors Influencing Offspring’s Bone Mineral Density: A Narrative Review of Observational, Cohort, and Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients 2021, 13, 2302. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13072302

AMA Style

Masztalerz-Kozubek D, Zielinska-Pukos MA, Hamulka J. Maternal Diet, Nutritional Status, and Birth-Related Factors Influencing Offspring’s Bone Mineral Density: A Narrative Review of Observational, Cohort, and Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients. 2021; 13(7):2302. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13072302

Chicago/Turabian Style

Masztalerz-Kozubek, Daria, Monika A. Zielinska-Pukos, and Jadwiga Hamulka. 2021. "Maternal Diet, Nutritional Status, and Birth-Related Factors Influencing Offspring’s Bone Mineral Density: A Narrative Review of Observational, Cohort, and Randomized Controlled Trials" Nutrients 13, no. 7: 2302. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13072302

APA Style

Masztalerz-Kozubek, D., Zielinska-Pukos, M. A., & Hamulka, J. (2021). Maternal Diet, Nutritional Status, and Birth-Related Factors Influencing Offspring’s Bone Mineral Density: A Narrative Review of Observational, Cohort, and Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients, 13(7), 2302. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13072302

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