Glucose Fluctuation and Severe Internal Carotid Artery Siphon Stenosis in Type 2 Diabetes Patients
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Patients
2.2. Imaging Protocol
2.3. Continuous Glucose Monitoring
2.4. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Baseline Patient Characteristics
3.2. Head Magnetic Resonance Angiography Findings
3.3. Association between Glucose Fluctuation and Intracranial Artery Stenosis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Intracranial Internal Carotid Artery Siphon Stenosis | |||
---|---|---|---|
Variables | Severe (n = 8) | Non-Severe (n = 95) | p Value |
Baseline demographics | |||
Female (%) | 6 (75) | 26 (27) | 0.01 |
Age, years | 76 ± 5 | 76 ± 5 | 0.63 |
Cerebrovascular risk factors | |||
Hypertension (%) | 6 (75) | 88 (93) | 0.14 |
Dyslipidemia (%) | 8 (100) | 83 (87) | 0.59 |
Current or past smoking (%) | 3 (38) | 54 (57) | 0.46 |
Atrial fibrillation (%) | 1 (13) | 16 (17) | 1.00 |
Medical history of percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass grafting (%) | 4 (50) | 41 (44) | 0.73 |
Ischemic stroke episode (%) | 3 (38) | 42 (45) | 1.00 |
Diabetes mellitus | |||
Duration, years | 26 ± 10 | 23 ± 11 | 0.32 |
HbA1c at registration, % | 7.8 ± 0.9 | 7.5 ± 0.9 | 0.47 |
Blood glucose at registration, mg/dL | 136 ± 42 | 150 ± 42 | 0.54 |
Blood glucose (CGM average), mg/dL | 148 ± 25 | 136 ± 28 | 0.19 |
SD, mg/dL | 53 ± 12 | 39 ± 10 | <0.01 |
%CV | 36 ± 7 | 29 ± 6 | <0.01 |
MAGE, mg/dL | 114 ± 18 | 90 ± 23 | <0.01 |
SD (10 mg/dL) | %CV (/10) | MAGE (10 mg/dL) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
p Value | p Value | p Value | ||||
Crude OR (95% CI) | 3.60 (1.60–8.08) | <0.01 | 7.85 (1.90–32.5) | <0.01 | 1.56 (1.11–2.20) | 0.01 |
Adjusted OR (95% CI) | 3.00 (1.32–6.84) | <0.01 | 5.55 (1.23–25.2) | 0.03 | 1.52 (1.06–2.19) | 0.02 |
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Eto, F.; Washida, K.; Matsubara, M.; Makino, H.; Takahashi, A.; Noda, K.; Hattori, Y.; Nakaoku, Y.; Nishimura, K.; Hosoda, K.; et al. Glucose Fluctuation and Severe Internal Carotid Artery Siphon Stenosis in Type 2 Diabetes Patients. Nutrients 2021, 13, 2379. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13072379
Eto F, Washida K, Matsubara M, Makino H, Takahashi A, Noda K, Hattori Y, Nakaoku Y, Nishimura K, Hosoda K, et al. Glucose Fluctuation and Severe Internal Carotid Artery Siphon Stenosis in Type 2 Diabetes Patients. Nutrients. 2021; 13(7):2379. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13072379
Chicago/Turabian StyleEto, Futoshi, Kazuo Washida, Masaki Matsubara, Hisashi Makino, Akio Takahashi, Kotaro Noda, Yorito Hattori, Yuriko Nakaoku, Kunihiro Nishimura, Kiminori Hosoda, and et al. 2021. "Glucose Fluctuation and Severe Internal Carotid Artery Siphon Stenosis in Type 2 Diabetes Patients" Nutrients 13, no. 7: 2379. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13072379