Fatty Acids Quality in Middle Eastern Traditional Dishes, Arabic Sweets and Market Foods Frequently Consumed in Lebanon
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Food Selection
2.2. Chemical Analysis
- Column: fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) length: 30 m, 0.32 ID
- Injection volume: 1 µL
- Injector temperature (PTV): injection: 60 °C for 0.1 min
- Transfer: ramp 10 °C/min to 270 °C, 1 min hold
- Carrier flow (He): 2.0 mL/min
- Split flow: 20 mL/min (split ratio: 20)
- Detector temperature (flame ionization detection (FID)) 280 °C
- Detector gases flows: Air 350 mL/min, Hydrogen 32 mL/min, Make-up (N2) 30 mL/min
- Initial temperature: 100 °C, hold 3 min
- -Ramp 1: 10 °C/min to 200 °C, hold 3 min
- -Ramp 2: 10 °C/min to 250 °C, hold 5 min
2.3. Fatty Acids Ratios
2.4. Contributions to Daily Values
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Total Fatty Acids
3.2. Saturated Fat
3.3. Monounsaturated Fatty Acid
3.4. Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid
3.5. Fatty Acids Ratios
3.5.1. Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid: Saturated Fatty Acid Ratio (P:S)
3.5.2. Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid: Monounsaturated Fatty Acid: Saturated Fatty Acid Ratio (P:M:S)
3.6. Comparison Between Market Foods: Nutrient Content Versus Nutrition Fact Label
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Disclaimer
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Dish | Mean Values | Mean Values | Mean Values | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Amounts in 100 g of Edible Portions | Percentage of Daily Contribution in 2000 Kcal Diet | Fatty Acid Ratios | ||||||||||
Fat | SFA | MUFA | PUFA | Fat | SFA | MUFA | PUFA | P:S | M:S | P:M | P:M:S | |
Baba ghanouj | 9.4 | 4.3 | 4.2 | 0.7 | 12.1 | 21.9 | 9.5 | 5.8 | 0.1 | 0.9 | 0.1 | 0.1:0.9:1 |
Batata mahchi | 1.2 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 1.5 | 2.8 | 0.8 | 1.9 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.4:0.6:1 |
Borgul bi banadoura | 5 | 2.4 | 1.6 | 0.9 | 6.4 | 12.3 | 3.6 | 6.9 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.3:0.6:1 |
Chichbarak | 4.6 | 3.1 | 1 | 0.3 | 5.9 | 15.9 | 2.3 | 2.5 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.1:0.3:1 |
Falafel | 11.7 | 4.4 | 5.4 | 1.7 | 15 | 22.4 | 12.2 | 13.6 | 0.3 | 1.2 | 0.3 | 0.3:1.2:1 |
Fatayer sabanikh | 11.1 | 2.5 | 4 | 4.5 | 14.3 | 12.7 | 9.2 | 34.7 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.1 | 1.7:1.6:1 |
Fattat Hommos | 7 | 3.6 | 2.8 | 0.5 | 9 | 18 | 6.4 | 4.3 | 0.1 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 0.1:0.7:1 |
Fattoush | 2.4 | 1.7 | 0.9 | 0.2 | 3.7 | 8.7 | 2.1 | 1.6 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.1:0.5:1 |
Foul moudamas | 3.4 | 1.5 | 1.7 | 0.1 | 4.4 | 7.7 | 3.9 | 1.3 | 0.1 | 1.1 | 0.1 | 0.1:1.1:1 |
Hindbe bil zet | 10.7 | 3 | 6.3 | 1.3 | 13.7 | 15.2 | 14.3 | 10.2 | 0.4 | 2 | 0.2 | 0.4:2.:1 |
Hommos bi tahini | 6.4 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 0.8 | 8.2 | 14.2 | 6.1 | 6.5 | 0.3 | 0.9 | 0.3 | 0.3:0.9:1 |
Kafta wa batata | 6.3 | 3.7 | 1.9 | 0.5 | 8.1 | 18.7 | 4.4 | 4.1 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.1:0.5:1 |
Kebba bil sayniya | 6.4 | 3.7 | 1.9 | 0.6 | 8.2 | 18.6 | 4.4 | 5.1 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.1:0.5:1 |
Koussa mahchi | 2.4 | 1.4 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 3.1 | 7.4 | 1.3 | 2.5 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.2:0.3:1 |
Lahm bil ajin | 8.9 | 2.8 | 3.1 | 2.9 | 11.4 | 14.2 | 7.1 | 22.7 | 1 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 1:1.1:1 |
Loubia bil zet | 5.6 | 1.4 | 2.7 | 1.4 | 7.2 | 7.3 | 6.1 | 11.3 | 1 | 1.8 | 0.5 | 1:1.8:1 |
Malfouf mahchi | 2.1 | 1.1 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 2.7 | 5.6 | 1.4 | 2.5 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.3:0.5:1 |
Moujadara | 5.8 | 1.4 | 2.5 | 1.6 | 7.4 | 7.4 | 5.8 | 12.7 | 1.1 | 1.7 | 0.6 | 1.1:1.7:1 |
Moghrabia | 3.9 | 2.2 | 1.2 | 0.4 | 5 | 11 | 2.8 | 3.2 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.1:0.5:1 |
Mousaka batinjan | 6.5 | 3.4 | 2.2 | 0.8 | 8.4 | 17.1 | 5 | 6.8 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.2:0.6:1 |
Riz a dajaj | 5.4 | 2.2 | 2 | 0.9 | 6.9 | 11 | 4.7 | 7.2 | 0.4 | 0.9 | 0.4 | 7.2:0.4:1 |
Riz bi lahma | 6.5 | 3.4 | 2.3 | 0.6 | 8.3 | 17.3 | 5.2 | 5.3 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.2:0.6:1 |
Sayadia | 6.4 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 1.5 | 8.3 | 12.2 | 5.6 | 11.7 | 0.6 | 1 | 0.6 | 0.6:1:1 |
Shawarma dajaj | 6.9 | 3.2 | 2.6 | 0.9 | 8.9 | 16.4 | 6 | 7.4 | 0.2 | 0.8 | 0.3 | 0.2:0.8:1 |
Shawarma lahma | 8.2 | 4.9 | 2.7 | 0.4 | 10.6 | 24.8 | 6.2 | 3.2 | 0 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0:0.5:1 |
Tabboula | 4.2 | 1.7 | 2.3 | 0.1 | 5.4 | 8.7 | 5.2 | 1.4 | 0.1 | 1.3 | 0 | 0.1:1.3:1 |
Warak enab | 3.9 | 2.4 | 1 | 0.4 | 5.1 | 12.3 | 2.3 | 3.1 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.1:0.4:1 |
Yakhnat Bamia | 5.4 | 3.7 | 1 | 0.5 | 6.9 | 18.4 | 2.4 | 4.3 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.1:0.2:1 |
Yakhnat Fassoulia | 3.9 | 2.6 | 0.8 | 0.3 | 5.0 | 13.3 | 1.9 | 2.5 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.1:0.3:1 |
Yakhnat Mouloukhia | 4.2 | 2.5 | 1.3 | 0.4 | 5.4 | 12.5 | 2.9 | 3.2 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.1:0.5:1 |
Arabic Sweet | In 100 g of Edible Portions (Per Gram) | Percentage of Daily Contributions in 2000 Kcal-Diet | Fatty Acid Ratios | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fat | SFA | MUFA | PUFA | Fat | SFA | MUFA | PUFA | P:S | M:S | P:M | P:M:S | |
Baklava mixed | 23.4 | 12 | 9.4 | 1.9 | 30 | 92.8 | 21.4 | 8.7 | 0.1 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 0.1:0.7:1 |
Baklava mixed Light | 20.5 | 10.7 | 8.8 | 0.8 | 26.2 | 53.6 | 20.1 | 3.8 | 0 | 0.8 | 0 | 0:0.8:1 |
Barazik | 25.3 | 12.1 | 10.3 | 2.8 | 32.4 | 60.5 | 23.4 | 13.1 | 0.2 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 0.2:0.8:1 |
Boundoukia | 16.5 | 14.2 | 1.9 | 0.2 | 21.1 | 71.1 | 4.4 | 1.1 | 0 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0:0.1:1 |
Daoukia | 19.5 | 4.2 | 13.6 | 1.5 | 25 | 21.1 | 31 | 7 | 0.3 | 3.2 | 0.1 | 0.3:3.2:1 |
Foustoukia | 14.8 | 10.4 | 4. | 0.2 | 18.9 | 52.1 | 9.2 | 1.1 | 0 | 0.3 | 0 | 0:0.3:1 |
Ghourayba | 20.4 | 14 | 4 | 2.2 | 26.1 | 70.1 | 9 | 10.3 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.1:0.2:1 |
Halawa | 25.8 | 16.1 | 7.9 | 1.5 | 33 | 80.6 | 18 | 7.1 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.1:0.4:1 |
Halawa light | 25.5 | 12.6 | 12.2 | 0.5 | 32.6 | 63.1 | 27.8 | 2.3 | 0 | 0.9 | 0 | 0:0.9:0 |
Halawat El Jiben | 8.9 | 7.2 | 1.3 | 0.2 | 11.4 | 55.8 | 3.1 | 0.9 | 0 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0:0.1:1 |
Ish el bulbul | 8.5 | 8.1 | 0.3 | 0 | 10.9 | 40.5 | 0.8 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 0:0:1 |
kallaj kashta | 25.1 | 23.6 | 1.2 | 0.1 | 32.1 | 118.4 | 2.8 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 0:0:1 |
karabij joz maa crema | 9.6 | 8.4 | 1 | 0.2 | 12.3 | 42 | 2.2 | 0.9 | 0 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0:0.1:1 |
Katayef Kashta | 6.6 | 4.3 | 1.9 | 0.3 | 8.5 | 33 | 4.4 | 1.5 | 0 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0:0.4:1 |
knefe kashta with kaak | 5.3 | 4.8 | 0.4 | 0 | 6.7 | 23.9 | 1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0:0:1 |
Kounafa bil jiben | 12.2 | 11.1 | 0.9 | 0.1 | 15.7 | 85.3 | 2.2 | 0.4 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 0:0:1 |
Maakroun | 12 | 9.4 | 2.2 | 0.3 | 15.3 | 72.3 | 5 | 1.5 | 0 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0:0.2:1 |
Maakroun wa mshabbak | 10.5 | 9 | 1.2 | 0.2 | 13.4 | 45.3 | 2.7 | 1 | 0 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0:0.1:1 |
Maamoul tamer | 17.4 | 11.5 | 5.2 | 0.5 | 22.3 | 88.4 | 11.8 | 2.6 | 0 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0:0.4:1 |
Maamoul mad kashta | 10.6 | 7.9 | 2.3 | 0.3 | 13.6 | 60.9 | 5.2 | 1.6 | 0 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0:0.2:1 |
Maamoul mad joz | 19.2 | 15.8 | 2.9 | 0.3 | 24.6 | 121.7 | 6.7 | 1.3 | 0 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0:0.1:1 |
Maamoul fostok | 14.4 | 12.2 | 2.1 | 0 | 18.4 | 60.9 | 4.8 | 0.3 | 0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0:0.1:1 |
Maamoul joz | 21.5 | 12.1 | 6.8 | 2.3 | 27.5 | 93.1 | 15.6 | 10.5 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.1:0.5:1 |
Madlouka | 19.2 | 8.6 | 7 | 3.4 | 24.6 | 43.2 | 16.1 | 15.8 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 0.4 | 0.4:0.8:1 |
Mafrouka kashta | 13.2 | 9.9 | 2.5 | 0.7 | 16.9 | 76.3 | 5.7 | 3.3 | 0 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0:0.2:1 |
Mafrouka fostok | 10.6 | 7.4 | 2.6 | 0.4 | 13.5 | 37.1 | 6.1 | 1.9 | 0 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0:0.3:1 |
Moushabak | 20.1 | 11.9 | 7.1 | 0.9 | 25.7 | 59.7 | 16.3 | 4.1 | 0 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0:0.6:1 |
Moufattaka | 13.1 | 12.6 | 0.3 | 0 | 16.7 | 63.2 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 | 0:0:1 |
Mouhallabiya | 20.7 | 2.5 | 8.1 | 10 | 26.5 | 12.5 | 18.4 | 45.7 | 4 | 3.2 | 1.2 | 4:3.2:1 |
Nammoura | 5.9 | 4 | 1.4 | 0.3 | 7.5 | 30.8 | 3.3 | 1.4 | 0 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0:0.3:1 |
Osmaliya | 16.2 | 14.3 | 1.4 | 0.3 | 20.8 | 110.6 | 3.2 | 1.5 | 0 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0:0.1:1 |
Riz bi halib | 9.5 | 7.3 | 1.5 | 0.5 | 12.1 | 36.9 | 3.5 | 2.3 | 0 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0:0.2:1 |
Saniora | 23.8 | 16.6 | 6.1 | 0.6 | 30.5 | 128.1 | 14 | 3.1 | 0 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0:0.3:1 |
Sfouf | 12.4 | 8.2 | 3.5 | 0.5 | 15.9 | 63.3 | 8 | 2.2 | 0 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0:0.4:1 |
Shaaybiyat | 11.6 | 7.4 | 3.5 | 0.4 | 14.8 | 37.3 | 8 | 2.1 | 0 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0:0.4:1 |
Ward el sham | 16.1 | 8.7 | 6 | 1.3 | 20.6 | 43.5 | 13.7 | 6 | 0.1 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 0.1:0.7:1 |
Znoud El sitt | 14.2 | 13 | 1 | 0 | 18.2 | 65.3 | 2.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0:0:1 |
Food Groups | Product | In 100 g of Edible Portions (Per Gram) | Daily Contributions in 2000 Kcal-Diet | Fatty Acid Ratios | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fat | SFA | MUFA | PUFA | Fat | SFA | MUFA | PUFA | P:S | M:S | P:M | P:M:S | ||
Cereals | Arabic Bread-White | 2.3 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 1.2 | 2.9 | 3.2 | 0.9 | 5.5 | 1.8 | 0.6 | 2.8 | 1.8:0.6:1 |
Arabic Bread-Whole wheat | 4 | 1.3 | 0.5 | 2.1 | 5.1 | 6.9 | 1.1 | 9.6 | 1.5 | 0.3 | 4.2 | 1.5:0.3:1 | |
Baguette | 0.5 | 0.1 | Tr | 0.2 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.1 | 1.2 | 1.7 | 0.4 | 4.3 | 1.7:0.4:1 | |
Breakfast Cereals | 2.1 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.3 | 2.6 | 4.8 | 1.8 | 1.4 | 0.3 | 0.8 | 0.3 | 0.3:0.8:1 | |
Breakfast Cereals-Chocolate | 2.4 | 2.1 | 0.2 | Tr | 3 | 10.5 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0:0.1:1 | |
Croissant Zaatar-1 | 16.1 | 15.1 | 0.8 | 0.1 | 20.6 | 75.9 | 1.8 | 0.4 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 0:0:1 | |
Croissant zaatar-2 | 22.5 | 15.1 | 5.4 | 1.7 | 28.8 | 75.7 | 12.4 | 7.7 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.1:0.3:1 | |
Kaak Asrouni | 1.5 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 1.9 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 3.4 | 3.2 | 2.1 | 1.5 | 3.2:2.1:1 | |
Kaak Debes and Cacao | 11.9 | 5.5 | 4.9 | 1.3 | 15.2 | 27.9 | 11.2 | 6 | 0.2 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 0.2:0.8:1 | |
Kaak Korshalli | 6.9 | 3.1 | 2.4 | 1.3 | 8.8 | 15.6 | 5.5 | 5.9 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.4:0.7:1 | |
Oil and fats | Butter | 81.4 | 56.4 | 23 | 1.4 | 104.3 | 282 | 52.3 | 6.6 | 0 | 0.4 | 0 | 0:0.4:1 |
Butter Light | 61.5 | 43.4 | 16.4 | 1.1 | 78.8 | 217.4 | 37.3 | 5 | 0 | 0.3 | 0 | 0:0.3:1 | |
Corn Oil | 100 | 10.3 | 31 | 58.7 | 128.2 | 51.5 | 70.4 | 266.8 | 5.7 | 3 | 1.8 | 5.7:3:1 | |
Olive Oil | 100 | 14.9 | 74.3 | 10.8 | 128.2 | 74.5 | 168.8 | 49 | 0.7 | 4.9 | 0.1 | 0.7:4.9:1 | |
Sunflower Oil | 100 | 7.6 | 29.8 | 62.6 | 128.2 | 38 | 67.7 | 284.5 | 8.2 | 3.9 | 2.1 | 8.2:3.9:1 | |
Tahina | 59.4 | 17.1 | 30 | 12.2 | 76.1 | 85.5 | 68.1 | 55.6 | 0.7 | 1.7 | 0.4 | 0.7:1.7:1 | |
Vegetable Margarine | 99 | 46.7 | 27.4 | 24.8 | 126.9 | 233.6 | 62.3 | 112.9 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 0.5:0.5:1 | |
Sugar | Biscuits Chocolate Quinoa | 13.4 | 1.8 | 9.6 | 1.9 | 17.1 | 8.9 | 21.9 | 8.7 | 1 | 5.3 | 0.2 | 1:5.3:1 |
Biscuits Digestive | 17.1 | 15.6 | 1 | 0.3 | 21.9 | 78.2 | 2.3 | 1.7 | 0 | 0 | 0.3 | 0:0:1 | |
Biscuits Digestive Light | 13.8 | 12.2 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 17.6 | 61 | 1.7 | 3.5 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0:0:1 | |
Biscuits with cream | 15.5 | 7.8 | 6 | 1.6 | 19.8 | 39 | 13.6 | 7.6 | 0.2 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 0.2:0.7:1 | |
Chocolate Dark | 33.6 | 33.1 | 0.4 | Tr | 43 | 165.6 | 0.9 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0:0:1.0 | |
Chocolate Milk-1 | 36.6 | 36.1 | 0.4 | Tr | 46.9 | 180.6 | 1 | Tr | Tr | 0 | Tr | 0:0:1.0 | |
Chocolate Milk-2 | 35 | 34.7 | 0.2 | Tr | 44.8 | 173.6 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 0:0:1.0 | |
Doughnuts | 19.6 | 12.8 | 6 | 0.6 | 25.1 | 64.3 | 13.6 | 2.7 | 0 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0:0.4:1 | |
English Cake-Chocolate | 18.6 | 9.17 | 6.4 | 2.4 | 23.8 | 45.8 | 14.7 | 11.1 | 0.2 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.2:0.7:1 | |
Cake with Cream | 16.1 | 14.2 | 1.4 | 0.3 | 20.6 | 71.3 | 3.3 | 1.6 | 0. | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0:0.1:1 | |
Pain au Lait | 3.8 | 1.9 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 4.8 | 9.8 | 2 | 3.7 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.9 | 0.4:0.4:1 | |
Petit Fours-1 | 25.6 | 15.9 | 8.4 | 1.2 | 32.8 | 79.4 | 19 | 5.7 | 0 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0:0.5:1 | |
Petit Fours-2 | 29.6 | 26.7 | 2.6 | 0.1 | 37.9 | 133.9 | 5.9 | 0.5 | 0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0:0.1:1 | |
Wafer-Chocolate-1 | 21.7 | 19.6 | 1.4 | 0.5 | 27.8 | 98.4 | 3.2 | 2.6 | 0 | 0 | 0.4 | 0:0:1 | |
Wafer-Chocolate-2 | 24.2 | 19.1 | 2.4 | 1 | 31 | 95.5 | 5.5 | 4.8 | 0 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0:0.1:1 | |
Drinks | Coffee with cardamom | 16.8 | 14 | 2.1 | 0.5 | 21.5 | 70.3 | 4.7 | 2.6 | 0 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0:0.1:1 |
Coffee without cardamom | 17.7 | 12.9 | 2.5 | 2.1 | 22.6 | 64.6 | 5.8 | 9.8 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.8 | 0.1:0.2:1 | |
Hot Chocolate Powder | 5.4 | 3.5 | 1.7 | 0.1 | 6.9 | 17.5 | 3.8 | 0.8 | 0 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0:0.4:1 | |
Instant Coffee | 10.8 | 10.6 | 0.1 | Tr | 13.8 | 53.3 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 | 0:0:1 | |
Nuts and seeds | De-hulled pumpkin seeds | 50.6 | 34 | 15.4 | 0.8 | 64.8 | 170.2 | 35 | 3.6 | 0 | 0.4 | 0 | 0:0.4:1 |
De-hulled sunflower seeds | 52.5 | 26.7 | 19.1 | 6.3 | 67.3 | 133.6 | 43.4 | 28.6 | 0.2 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.2:0.7:1 | |
Mixed Nuts | 25.7 | 13.1 | 10.1 | 2.3 | 32.9 | 65.9 | 23 | 10.5 | 0.1 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 0.1:0.7:1 | |
Mixed Kernels | 53.6 | 10.9 | 39.4 | 3.1 | 68.7 | 54.9 | 89.6 | 14.3 | 0.2 | 3.5 | 0 | 0.2:3.5:1 | |
Snacks | Potato Chips-1 | 29.9 | 20.2 | 9.5 | 0.1 | 38.3 | 101.2 | 21.6 | 0.5 | 0 | 0.4 | 0 | 0:0.4:1 |
Potato Chips-2 | 15.4 | 6.5 | 7.9 | 0.9 | 19.7 | 32.4 | 17.9 | 4.3 | 0.1 | 1.2 | 0.1 | 0.1:1.2:1 | |
Potato Chips Light-1 | 26.9 | 18.3 | 8.4 | Tr | 34.4 | 91.8 | 19.2 | 0.2 | 0 | 0.4 | 0 | 0:0.4:1 | |
Potato Chips Light-2 | 22.9 | 15 | 6.9 | 0.8 | 29.3 | 75.2 | 15.8 | 3.7 | 0 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0:0.4:1 | |
Canned | Tuna Packed in Oil | 6.8 | 3.2 | 2 | 1.4 | 8.7 | 16.3 | 4.6 | 6.6 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.4:0.6:1 |
Tuna Packed in Water | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.2 | Tr | 0.6 | 1.2 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.9 | 0.1 | 0.1:0.9:1 |
Comparison with EM Countries | [24] | [25] | Lebanon 2020 | [27] | [22] | [23] | [26] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dishes Names | Fat in 100 g | Fat in 100 g | Fat in 100 g | Fat in 100 g | Fat in 100 g | Fat in 100 g | Fat in 100 g |
Baba ghanouj | 3.7 | NA * | 9.44 | 8.7 | 5.4 | NA | NA |
Batata mahshi | 5.6 | NA | 1.24 | NA | NA | 5.9 | NA |
Bourghol bil banadoura | NA | 10.16 | 5.02 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Chichbarak | NA | 8.89 | 4.6 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Falafel | NA | NA | 11.7 | NA | 18.4 | 14.3 | NA |
Fatayir sabanekh | 6.6 | NA | 11 | 6.12 | 7.6 | 2.75 | 7 |
Fattoush | 6.3 | NA | 2.94 | 2.17 | 8.6 | NA | NA |
Foul moudamas | 3.1 | NA | 3.48 | 3.15 | 7.3 | 3.2 | NA |
Hindbe bil zeit | 6.7 | NA | 10.7 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Hommus bil tahina | 19.7 | NA | 6.4 | 7.7 | NA | 17.8 | NA |
Mosakaa batinjen | NA | NA | 6.58 | NA | NA | 16.4 | NA |
Kafta (only) | 22.1 | NA | 6.32 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Kussa mahshi | 1.7 | NA | 2.42 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Lahm bil ajin | 39.5 | NA | 8 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Malfuf mahshi | 2.6 | NA | 2.12 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Moujadara | 5.6 | NA | 5.8 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Riz a dajaj | 9.3 | NA | 5.4 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Sayadiya | 13.2 | NA | 6.48 | 3.98 (sandwich) | NA | NA | NA |
Shawarma dajaj | NA | NA | 6.94 | 3.90 (sandwich) | NA | NA | 11.2 |
Shawarma Lahma | 36 | NA | 8.28 | NA | 14 | NA | 9.4 |
Tabbouli | 5.8 | NA | 4.24 | 3.3 | 2.6 | NA | NA |
Warak enab mahshi | 7.3 | NA | 3.98 | NA | NA | 3.7 | NA |
Yakhnat bamyah | 7.2 | 11.09 | 5.4 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Yakhnat Fassoulia | 6.6 | NA | 3.9 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Yakhnat mulukhiya | 6.4 | NA | 4.28 | NA | NA | 0.25 | NA |
Baklava mixed | NA | NA | 27.3 | NA | 28.7 | NA | 38.8 |
Barazik | NA | NA | 42.1 | NA | 31.6 | NA | NA |
Ghouraybah | 21.3 | NA | 32.9 | NA | 28 | NA | NA |
Kallaj kashta | NA | NA | 9.7 | NA | 25.8 | NA | NA |
Katayef kashta | NA | NA | 10.5 | NA | 7.1 | NA | NA |
Knefah bil jibn | NA | NA | 13.2 | NA | 21.6 | NA | NA |
Maakroun and Moushabak | 17.2 | NA | 17.9 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Maamoul tamer | 9 | NA | 15.6 | NA | 16.3 | NA | NA |
Maamoul fostok | NA | NA | 26.9 | NA | 19.3 | NA | NA |
Maamoul joz | NA | NA | 18.3 | NA | 27.3 | NA | NA |
Nammoura | 3.1 | NA | 8.8 | NA | 18.4 | NA | NA |
Product | Fat | SFA | MUFA | PUFA | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chem-R * | N.label ^ | Chem-R | N.label | Chem-R | N.label | Chem-R | N.label | |
Biscuits Chocolate Quinoa | 13.4 | 5 | 1.8 | Tr | 9.6 | NA | 1.9 | NA |
Biscuits Digestive | 17.1 | 26 | 15.6 | 15 | 1 | NA | 0.3 | NA |
Biscuits Digestive Light | 13.8 | 13.5 | 12.2 | 13.5 | 0.7 | NA | 0.7 | NA |
Breakfast Cereals | 2.1 | 0.4 | 0.9 | 0.1 | 0.8 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.2 |
Breakfast Cereals-Chocolate | 2.4 | 5.2 | 2.1 | 5.2 | 0.2 | NA | 0 | NA |
Butter | 81.4 | 80 | 56.4 | 54 | 23 | NA | 1.4 | NA |
Butter Light | 61.5 | 20 | 43.4 | 53.3 | 16.4 | NA | 1.1 | NA |
Chocolate Wafers | 21.7 | 25 | 19.6 | 21 | 1.4 | NA | 0.5 | NA |
Chocolate wafers-brand 2 | 24.2 | 27.27 | 19.1 | 9 | 2.4 | NA | 1 | NA |
Chocolate with milk | 36.6 | 73 | 36.1 | 46 | 0.4 | NA | Tr | NA |
Chocolate-Dark | 33.6 | 40 | 33.1 | 23.3 | 0.4 | NA | Tr | NA |
Chocolate-White | 35 | NA | 34.7 | NA | 0.2 | NA | Tr | NA |
Corn Oil | 100 | 100 | 10.3 | 14 | 31 | 24 | 58.7 | 61 |
Cream Filled Biscuits | 15.5 | 18.6 | 7.8 | 4.6 | 6 | NA | 1.6 | NA |
Hot Chocolate Powder | 5.4 | 5.9 | 3.5 | 3.7 | 1.7 | NA | 0.1 | NA |
Instant Coffee (3 in 1) | 10.8 | 9.09 | 10.6 | 9 | 0.1 | NA | 0 | NA |
Chips Baked | 22.9 | 22 | 15 | 6 | 6.9 | NA | 0.8 | NA |
Lays Chips Cheese | 15.4 | 12 | 6.5 | 3 | 7.9 | NA | 0.9 | NA |
Olive Oil | 100 | 100 | 14.9 | 24 | 74.3 | 87 | 10.8 | 22 |
Potato Chips | 29.9 | 26.6 | 20.2 | 10 | 9.5 | 10 | 0.1 | 3.3 |
Potato Chips Light | 26.9 | 20 | 18.3 | 6.6 | 8.4 | 6.6 | Tr | NA |
Sunflower Oil | 100 | 100 | 7.6 | 10 | 29.8 | 20 | 62.6 | 60 |
Tahina | 59.4 | 60 | 17.1 | 10 | 30 | NA | 12.2 | NA |
Tuna Packed in Oil | 6.8 | 26.6 | 3.2 | NA | 2 | NA | 1.4 | NA |
Tuna Packed in Water | 0.5 | 3 | 0.2 | NA | 0.2 | NA | Tr | NA |
Vegetable Margarine | >99 | 56.4 | 46.7 | 9.5 | 27.4 | 19 | 24.8 | 23 |
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Hoteit, M.; Zoghbi, E.; Rady, A.; Shankiti, I.; Al-Jawaldeh, A. Fatty Acids Quality in Middle Eastern Traditional Dishes, Arabic Sweets and Market Foods Frequently Consumed in Lebanon. Nutrients 2021, 13, 2462. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13072462
Hoteit M, Zoghbi E, Rady A, Shankiti I, Al-Jawaldeh A. Fatty Acids Quality in Middle Eastern Traditional Dishes, Arabic Sweets and Market Foods Frequently Consumed in Lebanon. Nutrients. 2021; 13(7):2462. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13072462
Chicago/Turabian StyleHoteit, Maha, Edwina Zoghbi, Alissar Rady, Iman Shankiti, and Ayoub Al-Jawaldeh. 2021. "Fatty Acids Quality in Middle Eastern Traditional Dishes, Arabic Sweets and Market Foods Frequently Consumed in Lebanon" Nutrients 13, no. 7: 2462. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13072462