Possible Association of Energy Availability with Transferrin Saturation and Serum Iron during Summer Camp in Male Collegiate Rugby Players
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants and Study Design
2.2. Dietary Instructions
2.3. Dietary Survey
2.4. Blood Analysis
2.5. Physical Activity
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Body Weight
3.2. Biochemical and Hematological Parameters
3.3. Dietary Intake and BMI for Each Position
3.4. Physical Activity
3.5. Energy Balance
3.6. Correlation of BW Change with Blood Parameters and Intakes
3.7. Correlation of TSAT and Serum Iron with Intakes
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Age | Height | Body Weight | Change in Body Weight | |||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | Pre (year) | Pre (cm) | Pre (kg) | Post (kg) | (Post − Pre)/Pre (%) | |||||||||||||||||
Median | Range | Median | Range | Median | Range | Median | Range | p | Median | Range | ||||||||||||
T5 | 7 | 21 | 20 | - | 22 | 181 | 165 | - | 188 | 94.9 | 92.9 | - | 112.6 | 93.1 | 92.0 | - | 110.8 | 0.004 ** | −1.9 | −2.7 | - | −0.2 |
BR | 4 | 21 | 21 | - | 22 | 179 | 176 | - | 183 | 89.4 | 85.5 | - | 98.2 | 88.6 | 85.4 | - | 96.0 | 0.138 | −0.9 | −2.2 | - | −0.1 |
BK | 8 | 21 | 20 | - | 22 | 174 | 170 | - | 180 | 86.0 | 79.0 | - | 92.7 | 84.2 | 77.1 | - | 92.4 | 0.021 * | −1.5 | −5.9 | - | −0.3 |
Energy and Nutrient | Goal | Position | n | Pre–Middle | Middle–Post | Pre–Post | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
EMM | SE | EMM | SE | EMM | SE | |||||||
Energy (kcal/kg/day) | >60 | T5 | 7 | 53.0 | 1.7 | 45.8 | 1.5 | 49.4 | 1.5 | |||
BR | 4 | 58.4 | 2.3 | 55.1 | 2.0 | *** | 56.7 | 2.0 | ** | |||
BK | 8 | 59.9 | 1.6 | ** | 56.0 | 1.4 | *** | 58.0 | 1.4 | *** | ||
Protein (g/kg/day) | >2 | T5 | 7 | 1.8 | 0.1 | 1.5 | <0.1 | 1.6 | <0.1 | |||
BR | 4 | 1.8 | <0.1 | 1.8 | <0.1 | *** | 1.9 | <0.1 | *** | |||
BK | 8 | 2.0 | 0.1 | * | 1.8 | <0.1 | *** | 1.9 | <0.1 | *** | ||
Fat (g/kg/day) | T5 | 7 | 1.1 | <0.1 | 1.0 | <0.1 | 1.1 | <0.1 | ||||
BR | 4 | 1.2 | <0.1 | 1.2 | <0.1 | ** | 1.2 | <0.1 | *** | |||
BK | 8 | 1.3 | <0.1 | *** | 1.2 | <0.1 | *** | 1.2 | <0.1 | *** | ||
Carbohydrate (g/kg/day) | 8–12 | T5 | 7 | 8.5 | 0.4 | 7.5 | 0.3 | 8.0 | 0.3 | |||
BR | 4 | 9.5 | 0.5 | 8.9 | 0.4 | ** | 9.2 | 0.4 | ||||
BK | 8 | 9.7 | 0.3 | * | 9.2 | 0.3 | *** | 9.5 | 0.3 | ** | ||
Iron (mg/day) | T5 | 7 | 13.3 | 0.6 | 11.1 | 0.6 | 8.0 | 0.3 | ||||
BR | 4 | 12.9 | 0.7 | 12.5 | 0.7 | 9.2 | 0.4 | |||||
BK | 8 | 12.8 | 0.5 | 12.2 | 0.5 | 9.5 | 0.3 |
Position | n | Change $ | Energy (kcal/kg) | Protein (g/kg) | Iron (mg/day) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 19 | Body Weight | −0.065 | 0.095 | −0.144 | |||
TSAT | −0.235 | −0.347 | −0.288 | |||||
Serum Iron | −0.070 | −0.168 | −0.339 | # | ||||
T5 | 7 | Body Weight | 0.107 | 0.393 | * | 0.464 | * | |
TSAT | 0.179 | 0.536 | ** | −0.071 | ||||
Serum Iron | 0.179 | 0.536 | ** | −0.071 | ||||
BR | 4 | Body Weight | −0.200 | −0.800 | ### | −0.200 | ||
TSAT | −1.000 | ### | −0.400 | # | −1.000 | ### | ||
Serum Iron | −1.000 | ### | −0.400 | # | −1.000 | ### | ||
BK | 8 | Body Weight | −0.667 | ## | −0.524 | ## | −0.286 | |
TSAT | −0.333 | # | −0.595 | ## | −0.571 | ## | ||
Serum Iron | −0.214 | −0.476 | # | −0.619 | ## |
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Tokuyama, M.; Seino, J.; Sakuraba, K.; Suzuki, Y. Possible Association of Energy Availability with Transferrin Saturation and Serum Iron during Summer Camp in Male Collegiate Rugby Players. Nutrients 2021, 13, 2963. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13092963
Tokuyama M, Seino J, Sakuraba K, Suzuki Y. Possible Association of Energy Availability with Transferrin Saturation and Serum Iron during Summer Camp in Male Collegiate Rugby Players. Nutrients. 2021; 13(9):2963. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13092963
Chicago/Turabian StyleTokuyama, Madoka, Jun Seino, Keishoku Sakuraba, and Yoshio Suzuki. 2021. "Possible Association of Energy Availability with Transferrin Saturation and Serum Iron during Summer Camp in Male Collegiate Rugby Players" Nutrients 13, no. 9: 2963. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13092963