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Nutrients
Volume 14
Issue 11
10.3390/nu14112221
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Review

Effects of Omega-3 Supplementation Alone and Combined with Resistance Exercise on Skeletal Muscle in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

by
Stephen M. Cornish
1,2,3,
Dean M. Cordingley
3,4,
Keely A. Shaw
5,
Scott C. Forbes
2,6,
Taylor Leonhardt
5,
Ainsley Bristol
5,
Darren G. Candow
7 and
Philip D. Chilibeck
5,*
1
Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
2
Centre on Aging, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
3
Faculty of Graduate Studies, Applied Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
4
Pan Am Clinic Foundation, Winnipeg, MB R3M 3E4, Canada
5
College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B2, Canada
6
Department of Physical Education Studies, Faculty of Education, Brandon University, Brandon, MB R7A 6A9, Canada
7
Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nutrients 2022, 14(11), 2221; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14112221
Submission received: 19 April 2022 / Revised: 21 May 2022 / Accepted: 24 May 2022 / Published: 26 May 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition, Dietary Supplements and Ergogenic Aids in the Treatment of Sarcopenia and Associated Conditions)
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Abstract

Sarcopenia negatively affects skeletal muscle mass and function in older adults. Omega-3 (ω-3) fatty acid supplementation, with or without resistance exercise training (RET), is suggested to play a role as a therapeutic component to prevent or treat the negative effects of sarcopenia. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted on the impact of ω-3 fatty acid supplementation with or without RET on measures of muscle mass and function in older adults (≥55 y). The data sources included SPORTDiscus, PubMed, and Medline. All the study types involving ω-3 fatty acid supplementation on measures of muscle mass and function in older adults (without disease) were included. The mean differences (MDs) or standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated and pooled effects assessed. Sixteen studies (1660 females, 778 males) met our inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. ω-3 fatty acid supplementation did not impact lean tissue mass (SMD 0.09 [−0.10, 0.28]). Benefits were observed for lower body strength (SMD 0.54 [0.33, 0.75]), timed-up-and-go (MD 0.29 [0.23, 0.35]s), and 30-s sit-to-stand performance (MD 1.93 [1.59, 2.26] repetitions) but not walking performance (SMD −0.01 [−0.10, 0.07]) or upper body strength (SMD 0.05 [−0.04, 0.13]). Supplementing with ω-3 fatty acids may improve the lower-body strength and functionality in older adults.
Keywords: sarcopenia; PUFA; strength; inflammation; elderly; anabolism sarcopenia; PUFA; strength; inflammation; elderly; anabolism

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MDPI and ACS Style

Cornish, S.M.; Cordingley, D.M.; Shaw, K.A.; Forbes, S.C.; Leonhardt, T.; Bristol, A.; Candow, D.G.; Chilibeck, P.D. Effects of Omega-3 Supplementation Alone and Combined with Resistance Exercise on Skeletal Muscle in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2022, 14, 2221. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14112221

AMA Style

Cornish SM, Cordingley DM, Shaw KA, Forbes SC, Leonhardt T, Bristol A, Candow DG, Chilibeck PD. Effects of Omega-3 Supplementation Alone and Combined with Resistance Exercise on Skeletal Muscle in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients. 2022; 14(11):2221. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14112221

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cornish, Stephen M., Dean M. Cordingley, Keely A. Shaw, Scott C. Forbes, Taylor Leonhardt, Ainsley Bristol, Darren G. Candow, and Philip D. Chilibeck. 2022. "Effects of Omega-3 Supplementation Alone and Combined with Resistance Exercise on Skeletal Muscle in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis" Nutrients 14, no. 11: 2221. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14112221

APA Style

Cornish, S. M., Cordingley, D. M., Shaw, K. A., Forbes, S. C., Leonhardt, T., Bristol, A., Candow, D. G., & Chilibeck, P. D. (2022). Effects of Omega-3 Supplementation Alone and Combined with Resistance Exercise on Skeletal Muscle in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients, 14(11), 2221. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14112221

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