Face Validity of Observed Meal Patterns Reported with 7-Day Diet Diaries in a Large Population-Based Cohort Using Diurnal Variation in Concentration Biomarkers of Dietary Intake
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Eating Pattern Assessment
2.3. Diurnal Variation in Non-Fasting Biomarkers
2.4. Adjustment Variables
2.5. Stratification/Subgroup Variables
2.6. Participant Selection
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Participant Characteristics
3.2. Diurnal Variation in Non-Fasting Triglyceride and Glucose Concentrations
3.3. Meal Pattern Description and Correlations between Size, Frequency and Timing of EDO
3.4. Associations between Eating Patterns and Triglyceride Concentrations
3.5. Associations between Eating Patterns and Glucose Concentrations
3.6. Underreporting Modifies Associations between Biomarkers and Eating Patterns
4. Discussion
4.1. Statement of Principal Findings
4.2. Strengths and Limitations of This Study
4.3. Results in Context of Other Studies
4.4. Relevance
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
Appendix A. EDO Size and EDO Skipping by Recording Section and by EDO Frequency
Appendix B. Correlations between DEI and the Percentages of DEI Consumed at the Eight Recording Sections in the Pre-Structured 7dDD
DEI (MJ/d) | BB (%DEI) | B (%DEI) | MM (%DEI) | L (%DEI) | T (%DEI) | D (%DEI) | E (%DEI) | U (%DEI) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
men | 9.52 (2.19) | 1.0 (1.8) | 15.4 (7.3) | 4.5 (5.2) | 28.0 (8.9) | 4.2 (4.5) | 36.0 (9.8) | 7.8 (6.4) | 2.6 (4.0) | |
women | ||||||||||
DEI (MJ/d) | 7.20 (1.63) | −0.004 | −0.016 | 0.161 ** | −0.096 ** | 0.059 ** | −0.110 ** | 0.129 ** | 0.033 ** | |
BB (%DEI) | 1.0 (1.6) | −0.009 | −0.088 ** | 0.022 * | −0.102 ** | 0.080 ** | −0.089 ** | 0.022 * | 0.016 | |
B (%DEI) | 14.8 (6.4) | 0.007 | −0.090 ** | −0.239 ** | −0.121 ** | −0.091 ** | −0.253 ** | −0.237 ** | −0.108 ** | |
MM (%DEI) | 3.7 (3.6) | 0.125 ** | 0.056 ** | −0.187 ** | −0.235 ** | 0.106 ** | −0.181 ** | 0.002 | −0.035 ** | |
L (%DEI) | 28.7 (8.4) | −0.114 ** | −0.096 ** | −0.101 ** | −0.202 ** | −0.187 ** | −0.394 ** | −0.223 ** | −0.127 ** | |
T (%DEI) | 4.7 (4.4) | 0.116 ** | 0.054 ** | −0.117 ** | 0.140 ** | −0.180 ** | −0.276 ** | −0.020 * | −0.011 | |
D (%DEI) | 37.1 (9.6) | −0.097 ** | −0.099 ** | −0.253 ** | −0.167 ** | −0.465 ** | −0.287 ** | −0.240 ** | −0.149 ** | |
E (%DEI) | 7.2 (5.7) | 0.107 ** | 0.024 ** | −0.221 ** | 0.024 ** | −0.209 ** | −0.007 | −0.242 ** | −0.057 ** | |
U (%DEI) | 2.8 (3.8) | 0.074 ** | 0.030 ** | −0.143 ** | 0.003 | −0.120 ** | 0.004 | −0.163 ** | −0.069 ** |
Appendix C. Interpretation of the Association between DEI and/or EDO Frequency and Biomarker Concentrations
Appendix D. Description and Interpretation of the Line Graphs
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Exposure | Adjustment b | Log-Triglycerides (mmoL/L) Beta (95%CI) | |
---|---|---|---|
Men (n 9724) | Women (n 11 594) | ||
DEI (MJ/d) | Model 0 | −0.008 (−0.012, −0.003) | −0.018 (−0.023, −0.012) |
DEI (MJ/d) | Model 1 | −0.002 (−0.006, 0.003) | 0.004 (−0.001, 0.009) |
DEI (MJ/d) | Model 2 | 0.001 (−0.003, 0.006) | 0.007 (0.002, 0.012) |
DEI (MJ/d) c | Model 2 + EDO | −0.004 (−0.009, 0.001) | 0.003 (−0.003, 0.009) |
EDO (1 EDO/day) | Model 0 | 0.007 (−0.005, 0.018) | 0.011 (−0.000, 0.021) |
EDO (1 EDO/day) | Model 1 | 0.025 (0.014, 0.035) | 0.021 (0.011, 0.031) |
EDO (1 EDO/day) | Model 2 | 0.024 (0.013, 0.034) | 0.020 (0.011, 0.030) |
EDO (1 EDO/day) c | Model 2 + DEI | 0.027 (0.016, 0.039) | 0.018 (0.007, 0.029) |
EDO > 15%DEI | Model 2 + DEI | 0.056 (0.033, 0.079) | 0.050 (0.030, 0.070) |
EDO > 15%DEI | Model 2 + EDO | 0.050 (0.028, 0.073) | 0.049 (0.029, 0.069) |
EDO < 15%DEI | Model 2 + DEI | 0.011 (0.000, 0.021) | 0.003 (−0.007, 0.012) |
EDO < 15%DEI | Model 2 + EDO | −0.050 (−0.073, −0.028) | −0.049 (−0.069, −0.029) |
EDO > 15%DEI d | Model 2 + EDO < 15%DEI | 0.071 (0.047, 0.095) | 0.067 (0.046, 0.088) |
EDO < 15%DEI d | Model 2 + EDO > 15%DEI | 0.021 (0.010, 0.031) | 0.018 (0.009, 0.028) |
EDO > 15%DEI e | Model 2 + EDO < 15%DEI + DEI | 0.078 (0.054, 0.103) | 0.064 (0.042, 0.086) |
EDO < 15%DEI e | Model 2 + EDO > 15%DEI + DEI | 0.026 (0.014, 0.037) | 0.016 (0.005, 0.027) |
Among AER | |||
EDO > 15%DEI f | Model 2 + EDO < 15%DEI + DEI | 0.078 (0.050, 0.106) | 0.071 (0.045, 0.096) |
EDO < 15%DEI f | Model 2 + EDO > 15%DEI + DEI | 0.024 (0.011, 0.036) | 0.020 (0.008, 0.032) |
Among LER | |||
EDO > 15%DEI g | Model 2 + EDO < 15%DEI + DEI | 0.075 (0.022, 0.127) | 0.050 (0.008, 0.093) |
EDO < 15%DEI g | Model 2 + EDO > 15%DEI + DEI | 0.027 (−0.002, 0.056) | 0.002 (−0.023, 0.027) |
Exposure | Adjustment b | Log-Glucose (mmoL/L) Beta (95%CI) | |
---|---|---|---|
Men (n 7395) | Women (n 9121) | ||
DEI (MJ/d) | Model 0 | −0.002 (−0.005, 0.001) | −0.002 (−0.005, 0.002) |
DEI (MJ/d) | Model 1 | 0.001 (−0.002, 0.005) | 0.003 (−0.001, 0.007) |
DEI (MJ/d) | Model 2 | 0.002 (−0.002, 0.005) | 0.004 (0.000, 0.007) |
DEI (MJ/d) c | Model 2 + EDO | 0.003 (−0.000, 0.007) | 0.004 (−0.000, 0.008) |
EDO (1 EDO/day) | Model 0 | −0.007 (−0.014, 0.001) | 0.004 (−0.003, 0.011) |
EDO (1 EDO/day) | Model 1 | −0.006 (−0.013, 0.002) | 0.005 (−0.002, 0.011) |
EDO (1 EDO/day) | Model 2 | −0.006 (−0.014, 0.001) | 0.003 (−0.004, 0.009) |
EDO (1 EDO/day) c | Model 2 + DEI | −0.009 (−0.018, −0.001) | −0.001 (−0.009, 0.007) |
EDO > 15%DEI | Model 2 + DEI | −0.002 (−0.019, 0.014) | 0.022 (0.007, 0.036) |
EDO > 15%DEI | Model 2 + EDO | 0.000 (−0.016, 0.017) | 0.022 (0.008, 0.037) |
EDO > 15%DEI d | Model 2 + EDO < 15%DEI | −0.006 (−0.023, 0.011) | 0.024 (0.008, 0.039) |
EDO < 15%DEI | Model 2 + DEI | −0.007 (−0.015, 0.000) | −0.006 (−0.013, 0.001) |
EDO < 15%DEI | Model 2 + EDO | 0.000 (−0.017, 0.016) | −0.022 (−0.037, −0.008) |
EDO < 15%DEI d | Model 2 + EDO > 15%DEI | −0.006 (−0.014, 0.001) | 0.001 (−0.005, 0.008) |
EDO > 15%DEI e | Model 2 + EDO < 15%DEI + DEI | −0.011 (−0.028, 0.007) | 0.020 (0.004, 0.036) |
EDO < 15%DEI e | Model 2 + EDO > 15%DEI + DEI | −0.009 (−0.018, −0.001) | −0.002 (−0.009, 0.006) |
Among AER | |||
EDO > 15%DEI f | Model 2 + EDO < 15%DEI + DEI | −0.014 (−0.034, 0.007) | 0.030 (0.012, 0.049) |
EDO < 15%DEI f | Model 2 + EDO > 15%DEI + DEI | −0.012 (−0.021, −0.003) | 0.003 (−0.006, 0.011) |
Among LER | |||
EDO > 15%DEI g | Model 2 + EDO < 15%DEI + DEI | −0.003 (−0.040, 0.035) | −0.003 (−0.033, 0.028) |
EDO < 15%DEI g | Model 2 + EDO > 15%DEI + DEI | 0.001 (−0.020, 0.021) | −0.015 (−0.033, 0.003) |
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Lentjes, M.A.H.; Oude Griep, L.M.; Mulligan, A.A.; Montgomery, S.; Wareham, N.J.; Khaw, K.-T. Face Validity of Observed Meal Patterns Reported with 7-Day Diet Diaries in a Large Population-Based Cohort Using Diurnal Variation in Concentration Biomarkers of Dietary Intake. Nutrients 2022, 14, 238. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14020238
Lentjes MAH, Oude Griep LM, Mulligan AA, Montgomery S, Wareham NJ, Khaw K-T. Face Validity of Observed Meal Patterns Reported with 7-Day Diet Diaries in a Large Population-Based Cohort Using Diurnal Variation in Concentration Biomarkers of Dietary Intake. Nutrients. 2022; 14(2):238. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14020238
Chicago/Turabian StyleLentjes, Marleen A. H., Linda M. Oude Griep, Angela A. Mulligan, Scott Montgomery, Nick J. Wareham, and Kay-Tee Khaw. 2022. "Face Validity of Observed Meal Patterns Reported with 7-Day Diet Diaries in a Large Population-Based Cohort Using Diurnal Variation in Concentration Biomarkers of Dietary Intake" Nutrients 14, no. 2: 238. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14020238