The Role and Mechanism of Gut Microbiota in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. The Gut Microbiota and Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
2.1. Gut Microbiota Composition
2.2. Shifts in the Gut Microbiota Composition in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
2.3. Lipopolysaccharides in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
2.4. Gut Microbial Metabolites and Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
2.5. Short-Chain Fatty Acids
2.6. Trimethylamine N-Oxide
2.7. 5-Hydroxytryptophan
3. Gut Microbiota-Directed Therapies for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
3.1. Prebiotics and Probiotics
3.2. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Experimental Models/Populations | Effects and Observation | Preclinical or Clinical | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|
SUGEN5416/hypoxia rat model | ↑Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria ↓Bacteroides, Akkermansia | Preclinical | Takayuki J. Sanada et al. (2020) [35] |
MCT-induced rat model | ↑Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria ↑Allobaculum, Ralstonia, Bifidobacterium ↓Bacteroidota, Spirochaetota ↓Lactobacillus, Romboutsia | Preclinical | Wei Hong et al. (2021) [30] |
mice with hypoxia | ↑F/B, Proteobacteria, Prevotella, Oscillospira, Ruminococcus ↓Lactobacillus | Preclinical | Ravindra K. Sharma et al. (2020) [36] |
SUGEN5416/hypoxia rat model | ↓Bacteroidetes, Odoribacteraceae ↑Firmicutes, Peptostreptococcaceae | Preclinical | María Callejo et al. (2018) [29] |
Patients with type I PAH | ↑S. parasanguinis, R. gnavus, C. aerofaciens ↑Collinsella, Blautia ↓B. crossotus, B. cellulosilyticus, E. siraeum, B. vulgatus, A. muciniphila, ↓B. intestinihominis | Clinical | Seungbum Kim et al. (2020) [31] |
Patients with CTEPH | ↓Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, Fusicatenibacter | Clinical | Yumiko Ikubo et al. (2022) [32] |
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Chen, Y.-H.; Yuan, W.; Meng, L.-K.; Zhong, J.-C.; Liu, X.-Y. The Role and Mechanism of Gut Microbiota in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Nutrients 2022, 14, 4278. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14204278
Chen Y-H, Yuan W, Meng L-K, Zhong J-C, Liu X-Y. The Role and Mechanism of Gut Microbiota in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Nutrients. 2022; 14(20):4278. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14204278
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Yi-Hang, Wen Yuan, Liu-Kun Meng, Jiu-Chang Zhong, and Xiao-Yan Liu. 2022. "The Role and Mechanism of Gut Microbiota in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension" Nutrients 14, no. 20: 4278. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14204278