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Nutrients
Volume 14
Issue 22
10.3390/nu14224749
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Article

Increased Plasma L-Arginine Levels and L-Arginine/ADMA Ratios after Twelve Weeks of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation in Amateur Male Endurance Runners

by
Zbigniew Jost
1,*,
Maja Tomczyk
1,
Maciej Chroboczek
2,
Philip C. Calder
3,4,
Helena L. Fisk
3,
Katarzyna Przewłócka
5 and
Jędrzej Antosiewicz
5,*
1
Department of Biochemistry, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland
2
Department of Physiology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland
3
School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
4
NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
5
Department of Bioenergetics and Exercise Physiology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nutrients 2022, 14(22), 4749; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14224749
Submission received: 19 October 2022 / Revised: 6 November 2022 / Accepted: 8 November 2022 / Published: 10 November 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Supplementation with Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Health and Disease)
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Abstract

It is not fully understood how supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids affects the metabolism of amino acids required for the bioavailability/synthesis of NO, i.e., L-arginine (L-arg), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), their metabolites, and the L-arg/ADMA ratio and their impact on running economy (RE) in runners. Thus, 26 male amateur endurance runners completed a twelve-week study in which they were divided into two supplemented groups: the OMEGA group (n = 14; 2234 mg and 916 mg of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid daily) or the MCT group (n = 12; 4000 mg of medium-chain triglycerides daily). At the same time, all participants followed an endurance training program. Before and after the 12-week intervention, blood was collected from participants at two time points (at rest and immediately post-exercise) to determine EPA and DHA in red blood cells (RBCs) and plasma levels of L-arg, ADMA, and their metabolites. RBC EPA and DHA significantly increased in the OMEGA group (p < 0.001), which was related to the resting increase in L-arg (p = 0.001) and in the L-arg/ADMA ratio (p = 0.005) with no changes in the MCT group. No differences were found in post-exercise amino acid levels. A total of 12 weeks of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation at a dose of 2234 mg of EPA and 916 mg of DHA daily increased levels of L-arg and the L-arg/ADMA ratio, which indirectly indicates increased bioavailability/NO synthesis. However, these changes were not associated with improved RE in male amateur endurance runners.
Keywords: omega-3 fatty acids; L-arginine; ADMA; nitric oxide; running economy; endurance runners omega-3 fatty acids; L-arginine; ADMA; nitric oxide; running economy; endurance runners

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MDPI and ACS Style

Jost, Z.; Tomczyk, M.; Chroboczek, M.; Calder, P.C.; Fisk, H.L.; Przewłócka, K.; Antosiewicz, J. Increased Plasma L-Arginine Levels and L-Arginine/ADMA Ratios after Twelve Weeks of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation in Amateur Male Endurance Runners. Nutrients 2022, 14, 4749. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14224749

AMA Style

Jost Z, Tomczyk M, Chroboczek M, Calder PC, Fisk HL, Przewłócka K, Antosiewicz J. Increased Plasma L-Arginine Levels and L-Arginine/ADMA Ratios after Twelve Weeks of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation in Amateur Male Endurance Runners. Nutrients. 2022; 14(22):4749. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14224749

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jost, Zbigniew, Maja Tomczyk, Maciej Chroboczek, Philip C. Calder, Helena L. Fisk, Katarzyna Przewłócka, and Jędrzej Antosiewicz. 2022. "Increased Plasma L-Arginine Levels and L-Arginine/ADMA Ratios after Twelve Weeks of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation in Amateur Male Endurance Runners" Nutrients 14, no. 22: 4749. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14224749

APA Style

Jost, Z., Tomczyk, M., Chroboczek, M., Calder, P. C., Fisk, H. L., Przewłócka, K., & Antosiewicz, J. (2022). Increased Plasma L-Arginine Levels and L-Arginine/ADMA Ratios after Twelve Weeks of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation in Amateur Male Endurance Runners. Nutrients, 14(22), 4749. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14224749

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