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Nutrients
Volume 14
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10.3390/nu14235142
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Review

The Role of D-Serine and D-Aspartate in the Pathogenesis and Therapy of Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia

by
Regina F. Nasyrova
1,2,*,
Aiperi K. Khasanova
3,
Kuanysh S. Altynbekov
4,5,
Azat R. Asadullin
6,
Ekaterina A. Markina
2,
Arseny J. Gayduk
2,
German A. Shipulin
7,
Marina M. Petrova
8 and
Natalia A. Shnayder
1,8,*
1
Institute of Personalized Psychiatry and Neurology, Shared Core Facilities, V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Neurology, 192019 Saint Petersburg, Russia
2
Department of Psychiatry, Russian Medical Academy for Continual Professional Education, 125993 Moscow, Russia
3
International Centre for Education and Research in Neuropsychiatry, Samara State Medical University, 443016 Samara, Russia
4
Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Mental Health, Almaty 050022, Kazakhstan
5
Department of Psychiatry and Narcology, S.D. Asfendiarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050022, Kazakhstan
6
Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, The Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia
7
Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks Management, 119121 Moscow, Russia
8
Shared Core Facilities “Molecular and Cell Technologies”, V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nutrients 2022, 14(23), 5142; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14235142
Submission received: 19 October 2022 / Revised: 28 November 2022 / Accepted: 30 November 2022 / Published: 2 December 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Amino Acid Metabolism in Human Health and Disease)
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Abstract

Schizophrenia (Sch) is a severe and widespread mental disorder. Antipsychotics (APs) of the first and new generations as the first-line treatment of Sch are not effective in about a third of cases and are also unable to treat negative symptoms and cognitive deficits of schizophrenics. This explains the search for new therapeutic strategies for a disease-modifying therapy for treatment-resistant Sch (TRS). Biological compounds are of great interest to researchers and clinicians, among which D-Serine (D-Ser) and D-Aspartate (D-Asp) are among the promising ones. The Sch glutamate theory suggests that neurotransmission dysfunction caused by glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) may represent a primary deficiency in this mental disorder and play an important role in the development of TRS. D-Ser and D-Asp are direct NMDAR agonists and may be involved in modulating the functional activity of dopaminergic neurons. This narrative review demonstrates both the biological role of D-Ser and D-Asp in the normal functioning of the central nervous system (CNS) and in the pathogenesis of Sch and TRS. Particular attention is paid to D-Ser and D-Asp as promising components of a nutritive disease-modifying therapy for TRS.
Keywords: D-serine; D-aspartate; disease-modifying therapy; treatment-resistant schizophrenia D-serine; D-aspartate; disease-modifying therapy; treatment-resistant schizophrenia

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MDPI and ACS Style

Nasyrova, R.F.; Khasanova, A.K.; Altynbekov, K.S.; Asadullin, A.R.; Markina, E.A.; Gayduk, A.J.; Shipulin, G.A.; Petrova, M.M.; Shnayder, N.A. The Role of D-Serine and D-Aspartate in the Pathogenesis and Therapy of Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia. Nutrients 2022, 14, 5142. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14235142

AMA Style

Nasyrova RF, Khasanova AK, Altynbekov KS, Asadullin AR, Markina EA, Gayduk AJ, Shipulin GA, Petrova MM, Shnayder NA. The Role of D-Serine and D-Aspartate in the Pathogenesis and Therapy of Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia. Nutrients. 2022; 14(23):5142. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14235142

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nasyrova, Regina F., Aiperi K. Khasanova, Kuanysh S. Altynbekov, Azat R. Asadullin, Ekaterina A. Markina, Arseny J. Gayduk, German A. Shipulin, Marina M. Petrova, and Natalia A. Shnayder. 2022. "The Role of D-Serine and D-Aspartate in the Pathogenesis and Therapy of Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia" Nutrients 14, no. 23: 5142. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14235142

APA Style

Nasyrova, R. F., Khasanova, A. K., Altynbekov, K. S., Asadullin, A. R., Markina, E. A., Gayduk, A. J., Shipulin, G. A., Petrova, M. M., & Shnayder, N. A. (2022). The Role of D-Serine and D-Aspartate in the Pathogenesis and Therapy of Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia. Nutrients, 14(23), 5142. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14235142

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