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Nutrients
Volume 14
Issue 24
10.3390/nu14245274
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Review

Can Lactoferrin, a Natural Mammalian Milk Protein, Assist in the Battle against COVID-19?

by
Alexandra Wilhelmina Carla Einerhand
1,*,
Carolien Annika van Loo-Bouwman
2,
Gisela Adrienne Weiss
2,
Caiyun Wang
3,
Genna Ba
4,
Qicheng Fan
4,
Baoping He
4 and
Gerrit Smit
2
1
Einerhand Science & Innovation, 1815 JN Alkmaar, The Netherlands
2
Yili Innovation Center Europe, 6708 WH Wageningen, The Netherlands
3
Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010110, China
4
Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010110, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nutrients 2022, 14(24), 5274; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14245274
Submission received: 17 November 2022 / Revised: 30 November 2022 / Accepted: 6 December 2022 / Published: 10 December 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition within and beyond Corona Virus)
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Abstract

Notwithstanding mass vaccination against specific SARS-CoV-2 variants, there is still a demand for complementary nutritional intervention strategies to fight COVID-19. The bovine milk protein lactoferrin (LF) has attracted interest of nutraceutical, food and dairy industries for its numerous properties—ranging from anti-viral and anti-microbial to immunological—making it a potential functional ingredient in a wide variety of food applications to maintain health. Importantly, bovine LF was found to exert anti-viral activities against several types of viruses, including certain SARS-CoV-2 variants. LF’s potential effect on COVID-19 patients has seen a rapid increase of in vitro and in vivo studies published, resulting in a model on how LF might play a role during different phases of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Aim of this narrative review is two-fold: (1) to highlight the most relevant findings concerning LF’s anti-viral, anti-microbial, iron-binding, immunomodulatory, microbiota-modulatory and intestinal barrier properties that support health of the two most affected organs in COVID-19 patients (lungs and gut), and (2) to explore the possible underlying mechanisms governing its mode of action. Thanks to its potential effects on health, bovine LF can be considered a good candidate for nutritional interventions counteracting SARS-CoV-2 infection and related COVID-19 pathogenesis.
Keywords: lactoferrin; nutraceutical; food; dairy; COVID-19; coronavirus; SARS-CoV-2; anti-viral; immunomodulation; iron-binding lactoferrin; nutraceutical; food; dairy; COVID-19; coronavirus; SARS-CoV-2; anti-viral; immunomodulation; iron-binding

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MDPI and ACS Style

Einerhand, A.W.C.; van Loo-Bouwman, C.A.; Weiss, G.A.; Wang, C.; Ba, G.; Fan, Q.; He, B.; Smit, G. Can Lactoferrin, a Natural Mammalian Milk Protein, Assist in the Battle against COVID-19? Nutrients 2022, 14, 5274. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14245274

AMA Style

Einerhand AWC, van Loo-Bouwman CA, Weiss GA, Wang C, Ba G, Fan Q, He B, Smit G. Can Lactoferrin, a Natural Mammalian Milk Protein, Assist in the Battle against COVID-19? Nutrients. 2022; 14(24):5274. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14245274

Chicago/Turabian Style

Einerhand, Alexandra Wilhelmina Carla, Carolien Annika van Loo-Bouwman, Gisela Adrienne Weiss, Caiyun Wang, Genna Ba, Qicheng Fan, Baoping He, and Gerrit Smit. 2022. "Can Lactoferrin, a Natural Mammalian Milk Protein, Assist in the Battle against COVID-19?" Nutrients 14, no. 24: 5274. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14245274

APA Style

Einerhand, A. W. C., van Loo-Bouwman, C. A., Weiss, G. A., Wang, C., Ba, G., Fan, Q., He, B., & Smit, G. (2022). Can Lactoferrin, a Natural Mammalian Milk Protein, Assist in the Battle against COVID-19? Nutrients, 14(24), 5274. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14245274

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