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Nutrients
Volume 15
Issue 11
10.3390/nu15112613
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Article

Dietary Intake of Multiple Nutrient Elements and Associated Health Effects in the Chinese General Population from a Total Diet Study

by
Lan Ma
1,
Huijing Shen
1,2,
Xiaohong Shang
3,
Shuang Zhou
3,*,
Bing Lyu
1,
Xin Zhao
1,*,
Jingguang Li
1,3,
Yunfeng Zhao
1,3 and
Yongning Wu
1,3
1
NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China
2
School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11 Fu-Cheng Road, Beijing 100048, China
3
Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nutrients 2023, 15(11), 2613; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15112613
Submission received: 15 April 2023 / Revised: 30 May 2023 / Accepted: 30 May 2023 / Published: 2 June 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Micronutrient Intake and Health)
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Abstract

Nutrient elements are essential for human health. The intake of nutrient elements (Na, K, Ca, Mg, P, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, Se, Mo, and Cr) in the general Chinese population was comprehensively evaluated via a recent total diet study (2016–2019), covering more than two-thirds of the total population. The contents of nutrient elements in 288 composite dietary samples were determined by ICP-MS. The dietary sources, regional distribution, the relationship with the earth’s crust, dietary intake, and health effects were discussed. Plant foods were the main source of both macro-elements and trace elements, accounting for 68–96% of total intake. Trace elements in food were compatible with their abundance in the earth’s crust. Na intake reduced by 1/4 over the last decade but was still high. The average intake of Ca, Mg, Zn, and Se did not reach the health guidance values, while the average intake of K, P, Mn, Fe, Cu, Mo, and Cr fell within a reasonable range. No element exceeded the UL. However, an imbalance was identified in the dietary Na/K ratio and Ca/P ratio. This paper provides a most recent and national-representative assessment of nutrient element intake, indicating the significance of salt reduction and dietary structure optimization for the population.
Keywords: nutrient elements; total diet study; dietary intake; regional distribution; food sources; health effect nutrient elements; total diet study; dietary intake; regional distribution; food sources; health effect

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MDPI and ACS Style

Ma, L.; Shen, H.; Shang, X.; Zhou, S.; Lyu, B.; Zhao, X.; Li, J.; Zhao, Y.; Wu, Y. Dietary Intake of Multiple Nutrient Elements and Associated Health Effects in the Chinese General Population from a Total Diet Study. Nutrients 2023, 15, 2613. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15112613

AMA Style

Ma L, Shen H, Shang X, Zhou S, Lyu B, Zhao X, Li J, Zhao Y, Wu Y. Dietary Intake of Multiple Nutrient Elements and Associated Health Effects in the Chinese General Population from a Total Diet Study. Nutrients. 2023; 15(11):2613. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15112613

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ma, Lan, Huijing Shen, Xiaohong Shang, Shuang Zhou, Bing Lyu, Xin Zhao, Jingguang Li, Yunfeng Zhao, and Yongning Wu. 2023. "Dietary Intake of Multiple Nutrient Elements and Associated Health Effects in the Chinese General Population from a Total Diet Study" Nutrients 15, no. 11: 2613. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15112613

APA Style

Ma, L., Shen, H., Shang, X., Zhou, S., Lyu, B., Zhao, X., Li, J., Zhao, Y., & Wu, Y. (2023). Dietary Intake of Multiple Nutrient Elements and Associated Health Effects in the Chinese General Population from a Total Diet Study. Nutrients, 15(11), 2613. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15112613

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