The Impact of Body Mass Index on In-Hospital Mortality in Post-Cardiac-Arrest Patients—Does Sex Matter?
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Setting
2.2. Study Population and Data
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Patient Characteristics by Sex
3.2. Patient Characteristics by Presence or Absence of Obesity
3.3. Impact of BMI on Mortality
4. Discussion
Study Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Female (N = 40) | Male (N = 89) | Total (N = 129) | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
LOHS (days) | Mean (SD) | 8.72 (10.59) | 8.28 (10.09) | 8.42 (10.21) | 0.955 |
Median (quartiles) | 5 (1–11.25) | 4 (2–9) | 5 (2–10) | ||
Range | 0–43 | 0–47 | 0–47 | ||
In-hospital mortality | No | 19 (47.50%) | 38 (42.70%) | 57 (44.19%) | 0.752 |
Yes | 21 (52.50%) | 51 (57.30%) | 72 (55.81%) | ||
Age (years) | Mean (SD) | 68.62 (14.77) | 62.7 (13.95) | 64.53 (14.41) | 0.011 * |
Median (quartiles) | 71.5 (61.75–78.25) | 65 (56–73) | 67 (57–74) | ||
Range | 28–88 | 26–88 | 26–88 | ||
BMI (kg/m2) | Mean (SD) | 26.93 (7.54) | 27.64 (5.98) | 27.42 (6.48) | 0.374 |
Median (quartiles) | 25.71 (21.88–30) | 26.3 (23.55–30) | 26.23 (23.15–30) | ||
Range | 15.56–50.78 | 17.3–49.59 | 15.56–50.78 | ||
BMI (kg/m2) | 18.5–24.9 | 13 (32.50%) | 28 (31.46%) | 41 (31.78%) | p = 0.492 |
<18.5 | 4 (10.00%) | 3 (3.37%) | 7 (5.43%) | ||
25.0–29.9 | 14 (35.00%) | 37 (41.57%) | 51 (39.53%) | ||
≥30 | 9 (22.50%) | 21 (23.60%) | 30 (23.26%) | ||
Initial rhythm of CA | Asystole/PEA | 30 (75.00%) | 41 (46.07%) | 71 (55.04%) | 0.004 * |
VF/pVT | 10 (25.00%) | 48 (53.93%) | 58 (44.96%) | ||
CA episode location | OHCA | 18 (45.00%) | 47 (52.81%) | 65 (50.39%) | 0.529 |
IHCA | 22 (55.00%) | 42 (47.19%) | 64 (49.61%) | ||
ACS | No | 40 (100.00%) | 86 (96.63%) | 126 (97.67%) | 0.552 |
CS | No | 40 (100.00%) | 89 (100.00%) | 129 (100.00%) | 1 |
CKD | No | 39 (97.50%) | 89 (100.00%) | 128 (99.22%) | 0.31 |
HF | No | 39 (97.50%) | 88 (98.88%) | 127 (98.45%) | 0.526 |
DM | No | 40 (100.00%) | 89 (100.00%) | 129 (100.00%) | 1 |
HT | No | 40 (100.00%) | 89 (100.00%) | 129 (100.00%) | 1 |
Albumen (g/dL) | Mean (SD) | 2.87 (0.69) | 3.05 (0.77) | 2.99 (0.75) | 0.277 |
Median (quartiles) | 2.9 (2.5–3.4) | 3.1 (2.55–3.65) | 3 (2.5–3.52) | ||
Range | 1.3–3.9 | 1.4–4.9 | 1.3–4.9 | ||
Missing | 3 | 14 | 17 | ||
K (mmol/L) | Mean (SD) | 4.8 (1.61) | 4.66 (1.36) | 4.7 (1.44) | 0.797 |
Median (quartiles) | 4.52 (3.77–5.4) | 4.3 (3.8–5.05) | 4.38 (3.79–5.1) | ||
Range | 2.81–10 | 2.66–8.5 | 2.66–10 | ||
Missing | 0 | 1 | 1 | ||
Na (mmol/L) | Mean (SD) | 138.68 (6.29) | 138.65 (9.1) | 138.66 (8.3) | 0.918 |
Median (quartiles) | 138.5 (136–140.25) | 138 (135–142) | 138 (135–142) | ||
Range | 123–157 | 118–200 | 118–200 | ||
Missing | 0 | 1 | 1 | ||
hsCRP (mg/L) | Mean (SD) | 59.04 (79.12) | 40.47 (60.1) | 46.17 (66.75) | 0.192 |
Median (quartiles) | 22.31 (3.18–86.54) | 11.7 (2.24–41.62) | 13.68 (2.71–59.43) | ||
Range | 0.18–333.28 | 0.25–219.02 | 0.18–333.28 | ||
Missing | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||
PCT (ng/mL) | Mean (SD) | 4.69 (9.67) | 7.09 (31.38) | 6.34 (26.55) | 0.685 |
Median (quartiles) | 0.64 (0.1–4.64) | 0.36 (0.16–2.34) | 0.39 (0.12–3.03) | ||
Range | 0.01–55.28 | 0–207.37 | 0–207.37 | ||
Missing | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Parameter | Group | Female | Male | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Non-Obese (N = 31) | Obese (N = 9) | p | Non-Obese (N = 68) | Obese (N = 21) | p | ||
LOHS (days) | Mean (SD) | 8.29 (10.39) | 10.22 (11.77) | 0.769 | 7.57 (9.5) | 10.57 (11.78) | 0.25 |
Median (quartiles) | 5 (1–9.5) | 8 (1–12) | 4 (2–8.25) | 7 (2–14) | |||
Range | 0–43 | 0–33 | 0–47 | 0–41 | |||
In-hospital mortality | Yes | 16 (51.61%) | 5 (55.56%) | 39 (57.35%) | 12 (57.14%) | 1 | |
Age (years) | Mean (SD) | 68.61 (16.29) | 68.67 (8.28) | 0.582 | 60.65 (14.49) | 69.33 (9.58) | 0.008 * |
Median (quartiles) | 71 (63.5–79) | 72 (62–73) | 63.5 (53–71) | 71 (67–74) | |||
Range | 28–88 | 56–79 | 26–88 | 44–84 | |||
Initial rhythm of CA | Asystole/PEA | 25 (80.65%) | 5 (55.56%) | 0.19 | 31 (45.59%) | 10 (47.62%) | 1 |
VF/pVF | 6 (19.35%) | 4 (44.44%) | 37 (54.41%) | 11 (52.38%) | |||
CA episode location | OHCA | 13 (41.94%) | 5 (55.56%) | 0.705 | 36 (52.94%) | 11 (52.38%) | 1 |
IHCA | 18 (58.06%) | 4 (44.44%) | 32 (47.06%) | 10 (47.62%) | |||
ACS | No | 31 (100.00%) | 9 (100.00%) | 1 | 66 (97.06%) | 20 (95.24%) | 0.559 |
CS | No | 31 (100.00%) | 9 (100.00%) | 1 | 68 (100.00%) | 21 (100.00%) | 1 |
CKD | No | 30 (96.77%) | 9 (100.00%) | 1 | 68 (100.00%) | 21 (100.00%) | 1 |
HF | No | 30 (96.77%) | 9 (100.00%) | 1 | 68 (100.00%) | 20 (95.24%) | 0.236 |
DM | No | 31 (100.00%) | 9 (100.00%) | 1 | 68 (100.00%) | 21 (100.00%) | 1 |
HT | No | 31 (100.00%) | 9 (100.00%) | 1 | 68 (100.00%) | 21 (100.00%) | 1 |
Albumen (g/dL) | Mean (SD) | 2.85 (0.72) | 2.96 (0.54) | 0.969 | 3.04 (0.81) | 3.06 (0.66) | 0.864 |
Median (quartiles) | 2.95 (2.5–3.4) | 2.9 (2.55–3.2) | 3.05 (2.48–3.6) | 3.1 (2.7–3.7) | |||
Range | 1.3–3.9 | 2.4–3.9 | 1.4–4.9 | 1.6–3.9 | |||
Missing | 1 | 2 | 12 | 2 | |||
K (mmol/L) | Mean (SD) | 4.88 (1.75) | 4.52 (1.03) | 0.71 | 4.46 (1.3) | 5.28 (1.38) | 0.006 * |
Median (quartiles) | 4.6 (3.77–5.52) | 4.5 (3.78–4.7) | 4.2 (3.62–4.88) | 4.74 (4.3–5.83) | |||
Range | 2.81–10 | 3.34–6.72 | 2.66–8.27 | 3.4–8.5 | |||
Missing | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |||
Na (mmol/L) | Mean (SD) | 138.32 (5.9) | 139.89 (7.74) | 0.961 | 137.93 (6.36) | 140.95 (14.82) | 0.407 |
Median (quartiles) | 139 (136.5–140) | 138 (136–141) | 138 (135–142.5) | 140 (138–142) | |||
Range | 123–157 | 131–157 | 119–159 | 118–200 | |||
Missing | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |||
hsCRP (mg/L) | Mean (SD) | 61.3 (83.65) | 51.48 (65.43) | 0.907 | 32.41 (51.53) | 66.16 (77.71) | 0.244 |
Median (quartiles) | 23.98 (2.96–87.75) | 22.31 (5.51–69.5) | 11.38 (2.63–34.75) | 19.61 (2.14–133.36) | |||
Range | 0.18–333.28 | 0.46–199.32 | 0.25–217.45 | 0.85–219.02 | |||
Missing | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |||
PCT (ng/mL) | Mean (SD) | 3.25 (4.9) | 9.66 (18.15) | 0.871 | 8.54 (35.86) | 2.45 (3.5) | 0.363 |
Median (quartiles) | 0.64 (0.11–4.53) | 0.23 (0.08–13.43) | 0.34 (0.15–1.93) | 1.42 (0.23–3.62) | |||
Range | 0.01–17.04 | 0.02–55.28 | 0–207.37 | 0.01–14.48 | |||
Missing | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Model 1—Unadjusted | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Trait | OR | 95%CI | p | |||
FEMALE | BMI | 18.5–24.9 | 1.00 | ref. | ||
<18.5 | 0.857 | 0.091 | 8.075 | 0.893 | ||
25.0–29.9 | 0.857 | 0.189 | 3.888 | 0.842 | ||
≥30 | 1.071 | 0.194 | 5.913 | 0.937 | ||
MALE | BMI | 18.5–24.9 | 1.000 | ref. | ||
<18.5 | 1.500 | 0.121 | 18.539 | 0.752 | ||
25.0–29.9 | 0.984 | 0.365 | 2.653 | 0.975 | ||
≥30 | 1.000 | 0.319 | 3.137 | 1.00 | ||
Model 2—multiple logistic regression model, adjusted for age | ||||||
Trait | OR | 95%CI | p | |||
FEMALE | BMI | 18.5–24.9 | 1 | ref. | ||
<18.5 | 0.856 | 0.09 | 8.119 | 0.892 | ||
25.0–29.9 | 0.941 | 0.2 | 4.434 | 0.939 | ||
≥30 | 1.117 | 0.2 | 6.239 | 0.9 | ||
Age | (years) | 0.987 | 0.944 | 1.032 | 0.558 | |
MALE | BMI | 18.5–24.9 | 1 | ref. | ||
<18.5 | 2.212 | 0.15 | 32.548 | 0.563 | ||
25.0–29.9 | 1.016 | 0.367 | 2.811 | 0.976 | ||
≥30 | 0.766 | 0.232 | 2.529 | 0.662 | ||
Age | (years) | 1.034 | 1 | 1.071 | 0.05 * | |
Model 3—adjusted for the remaining variables | ||||||
Trait | OR | 95%CI | p | |||
FEMALE | BMI | 18.5–24.9 | 1 | ref. | ||
<18.5 | --- | --- | --- | --- | ||
25.0–29.9 | 0.673 | 0.117 | 3.874 | 0.658 | ||
≥30 | 0.829 | 0.097 | 7.086 | 0.864 | ||
Age | (years) | 1.019 | 0.957 | 1.084 | 0.563 | |
CA Mechanism | Asystole/PEA | 1 | ref. | |||
VF/pVT | 1.419 | 0.237 | 8.489 | 0.701 | ||
Albumen | (g/dL) | 0.739 | 0.242 | 2.262 | 0.597 | |
hsCRP | (mg/L) | 1.012 | 0.997 | 1.028 | 0.105 | |
PCT | (ng/mL) | 1.131 | 0.926 | 1.381 | 0.232 | |
MALE | BMI | 18.5–24.9 | 1 | ref. | ||
<18.5 | 2.052 | 0.071 | 58.931 | 0.675 | ||
25.0–29.9 | 1.323 | 0.347 | 5.044 | 0.682 | ||
≥30 | 0.643 | 0.122 | 3.385 | 0.602 | ||
Age | (years) | 1.018 | 0.973 | 1.065 | 0.432 | |
CA Mechanism | Asystole/PEA | 1 | ref. | |||
VF/pVT | 0.247 | 0.072 | 0.856 | 0.027 * | ||
Albumen | (g/dL) | 0.848 | 0.394 | 1.825 | 0.674 | |
hsCRP | (mg/L) | 1.011 | 0.998 | 1.024 | 0.095 | |
PCT | (ng/mL) | 1.163 | 0.863 | 1.567 | 0.321 |
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Czapla, M.; Kwaśny, A.; Słoma-Krześlak, M.; Juárez-Vela, R.; Karniej, P.; Janczak, S.; Mickiewicz, A.; Uchmanowicz, B.; Zieliński, S.; Zielińska, M. The Impact of Body Mass Index on In-Hospital Mortality in Post-Cardiac-Arrest Patients—Does Sex Matter? Nutrients 2023, 15, 3462. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15153462
Czapla M, Kwaśny A, Słoma-Krześlak M, Juárez-Vela R, Karniej P, Janczak S, Mickiewicz A, Uchmanowicz B, Zieliński S, Zielińska M. The Impact of Body Mass Index on In-Hospital Mortality in Post-Cardiac-Arrest Patients—Does Sex Matter? Nutrients. 2023; 15(15):3462. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15153462
Chicago/Turabian StyleCzapla, Michał, Adrian Kwaśny, Małgorzata Słoma-Krześlak, Raúl Juárez-Vela, Piotr Karniej, Sara Janczak, Aleksander Mickiewicz, Bartosz Uchmanowicz, Stanisław Zieliński, and Marzena Zielińska. 2023. "The Impact of Body Mass Index on In-Hospital Mortality in Post-Cardiac-Arrest Patients—Does Sex Matter?" Nutrients 15, no. 15: 3462. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15153462