Effect of Beetroot Juice Supplementation on Muscle Soreness and Performance Recovery after Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage in Female Volleyball Players
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Participants
Sample Size Calculation
2.2. Study Design
2.3. Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage Protocol
2.4. Supplementation Procedures
2.5. Muscle Pain Monitoring
2.6. Functional Tests
2.7. Data Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Mean ± SD |
---|---|
Age (years) | 26.00 ± 3.00 |
Height (cm) | 174.08 ± 3.94 |
Body mass (kg) | 67.75 ± 5.14 |
Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | 22.3 ± 2.5 |
BRJ | PLA | |
---|---|---|
Volume (mL) | 400 | 400 |
Energy (Cal) | 183 | 180 |
Carbohydrate (g) | 40 | 45 |
Sugar (g) | 36 | 2.5 |
Fat (g) | 0 | 0 |
Protein (g) | 5.6 | 0.9 |
Nitrate (mmol/L) | 4.1 | <0.5 |
95% CI | Sig | MD | RC % | BRJ | PLA | Variable |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | |||||
−1.2 to 1.4 | 0.9 | 0.1 | −1.22% | 8.1 ± 1.7 | 8.2 ± 1.7 | MS baseline (mm) |
0.4 to 19.4 | 0.04 | 9.9 | −19.8% | 40.2 ± 7.9 | 50.1 ± 12.1 | MS-12 h (mm) |
5.8 to 24.8 | 0.004 | 15.3 | −34.1% | 29.8 ± 10.3 | 45.2 ± 8.7 | MS-24 h (mm) |
14.3 to 36.8 | <0.0001 | 25.6 | −46.2% | 29.8 ± 11.9 * | 55.4 ± 8.1 | MS-48 h (mm) |
−10.7 to 9.4 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.5% | 132.7 ± 7.7 | 132.0 ± 11.9 | PPT baseline (mmHg) |
−30.0 to 9.8 | 0.3 | 10.1 | 20.5% | 59.4 ± 45.3 | 49.3 ± 22.8 | PPT 48 h (mmHg) |
−8.3 to 9.9 | 0.8 | 0.8 | −0.9% | 89.1 ± 20.7 | 89.9 ± 19.8 | Wall-sit baseline (s) |
−30.3 to −6.3 | 0.006 | 18.3 | 29.6% | 80.1 ± 30.5 * | 61.8 ± 21.5 | Wall-sit 48 h (s) |
−2.6 to 2.4 | 0.9 | 0.0 | 0.0% | 34.3 ± 8.7 | 34.3 ± 9.8 | VSFT baseline (cm) |
−3.3 to 0.8 | 0.1 | 1.5 | 4.5% | 32.6 ± 10.2 | 31.3 ± 11.3 | VSFT 48 h (cm) |
−0.5 to 2.5 | 0.2 | 1.0 | −3.0% | 32.4 ± 4.7 | 33.4 ± 6.1 | VJH baseline (cm) |
−1.2 to 1.2 | 0.9 | 0.0 | 0.0% | 30.0 ± 5.5 | 30.0 ± 6.0 | VJH 48 h (cm) |
−0.1 to 2.2 | 0.06 | 1.1 | −1.9% | 57.7 ± 4.3 | 58.8 ± 3.6 | Sw-T baseline (cm) |
0.7 to 1.5 | <0.0001 | 1 | −1.6% | 60.3 ± 4.3 * | 61.3 ± 4.2 | Sw-T (cm) |
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Hemmatinafar, M.; Zaremoayedi, L.; Koushkie Jahromi, M.; Alvarez-Alvarado, S.; Wong, A.; Niknam, A.; Suzuki, K.; Imanian, B.; Bagheri, R. Effect of Beetroot Juice Supplementation on Muscle Soreness and Performance Recovery after Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage in Female Volleyball Players. Nutrients 2023, 15, 3763. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15173763
Hemmatinafar M, Zaremoayedi L, Koushkie Jahromi M, Alvarez-Alvarado S, Wong A, Niknam A, Suzuki K, Imanian B, Bagheri R. Effect of Beetroot Juice Supplementation on Muscle Soreness and Performance Recovery after Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage in Female Volleyball Players. Nutrients. 2023; 15(17):3763. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15173763
Chicago/Turabian StyleHemmatinafar, Mohammad, Leila Zaremoayedi, Maryam Koushkie Jahromi, Stacey Alvarez-Alvarado, Alexei Wong, Alireza Niknam, Katsuhiko Suzuki, Babak Imanian, and Reza Bagheri. 2023. "Effect of Beetroot Juice Supplementation on Muscle Soreness and Performance Recovery after Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage in Female Volleyball Players" Nutrients 15, no. 17: 3763. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15173763
APA StyleHemmatinafar, M., Zaremoayedi, L., Koushkie Jahromi, M., Alvarez-Alvarado, S., Wong, A., Niknam, A., Suzuki, K., Imanian, B., & Bagheri, R. (2023). Effect of Beetroot Juice Supplementation on Muscle Soreness and Performance Recovery after Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage in Female Volleyball Players. Nutrients, 15(17), 3763. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15173763