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Article

Evaluation of the Content of Micro- and Macroelements in Raspberries Depending on the Species, Cultivar Variety, and Geographical Environment

by
Natalia Adamczuk
1,
Justyna Ośko
2,
Małgorzata Grembecka
2,
Paweł Konieczyński
3,
Piotr Migas
1,
Agnieszka Orzeł
4,
Barbara Baj-Wójtowicz
5 and
Mirosława Krauze-Baranowska
1,*
1
Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plant Garden, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
2
Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
3
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
4
Niwa Berry Breeding Company, Brzezna 1, 33-386 Podegrodzie, Poland
5
Taylor Institute, University of Oxford, St. Giles, Oxford OX1 2JD, UK
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nutrients 2023, 15(17), 3782; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15173782
Submission received: 6 July 2023 / Revised: 7 August 2023 / Accepted: 24 August 2023 / Published: 30 August 2023
(This article belongs to the Section Micronutrients and Human Health)
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Abstract

The study aimed to analyse the macro- and micro-nutrient content in fruits of Rubus species (R. idaeus, R. occidentalis, R. chamaemorus, and R. chingii) and their varieties or hybrids from different regions. Flame atomic absorption spectrometry with deuterium background correction was used to measure concentrations of nine essential elements (K, Mg, Ca, Na, Mn, Fe, Cr, Zn, and Cu) and two heavy metals (Pb, Cd). Chemometric analysis compared the elemental profiles. Results confirmed raspberries as a rich source of macroelements (K, Mg) and microelements (Zn, Cu, Mn, Cr). The ‘Bristol’ cultivar consistently had the highest Fe content regardless of origin. Cr presence was observed in black raspberries for the first time. Previously observed relationships like K-Na antagonism and Cr/Zn, Fe/Zn synergism were found in raspberry fruits. Factor and cluster analyses demonstrated species and geographical diversity among Polish raspberry samples and clear separation of R. chingii from China. Raspberry fruits, due to the rich complex of polyphenols, are classified as superfoods, and the content of bioelements determined in them guarantees coverage of the daily requirement for macro- and microelements (RDA depending on the element: 5.6–204% for R. idaeus, 8.8–469, 4% for R. occidentalis, and 1.4–67.2% for R. chamaemorus), finally confirming this opinion.
Keywords: Rubus; raspberry fruits; macroelements; microelements; chemometric analysis Rubus; raspberry fruits; macroelements; microelements; chemometric analysis

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MDPI and ACS Style

Adamczuk, N.; Ośko, J.; Grembecka, M.; Konieczyński, P.; Migas, P.; Orzeł, A.; Baj-Wójtowicz, B.; Krauze-Baranowska, M. Evaluation of the Content of Micro- and Macroelements in Raspberries Depending on the Species, Cultivar Variety, and Geographical Environment. Nutrients 2023, 15, 3782. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15173782

AMA Style

Adamczuk N, Ośko J, Grembecka M, Konieczyński P, Migas P, Orzeł A, Baj-Wójtowicz B, Krauze-Baranowska M. Evaluation of the Content of Micro- and Macroelements in Raspberries Depending on the Species, Cultivar Variety, and Geographical Environment. Nutrients. 2023; 15(17):3782. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15173782

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adamczuk, Natalia, Justyna Ośko, Małgorzata Grembecka, Paweł Konieczyński, Piotr Migas, Agnieszka Orzeł, Barbara Baj-Wójtowicz, and Mirosława Krauze-Baranowska. 2023. "Evaluation of the Content of Micro- and Macroelements in Raspberries Depending on the Species, Cultivar Variety, and Geographical Environment" Nutrients 15, no. 17: 3782. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15173782

APA Style

Adamczuk, N., Ośko, J., Grembecka, M., Konieczyński, P., Migas, P., Orzeł, A., Baj-Wójtowicz, B., & Krauze-Baranowska, M. (2023). Evaluation of the Content of Micro- and Macroelements in Raspberries Depending on the Species, Cultivar Variety, and Geographical Environment. Nutrients, 15(17), 3782. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15173782

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