Next Article in Journal
Serum Appetite-Regulating Hormone Levels in Cystic Fibrosis Patients: Influence of the Disease Severity and the Type of Bacterial Infection—A Pilot Study
Previous Article in Journal
Sarcopenia and Cognitive Decline in Older Adults: Targeting the Muscle–Brain Axis
 
 
Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
Journals
Nutrients
Volume 15
Issue 8
10.3390/nu15081852
nutrients-logo
Submit to this Journal Review for this Journal Propose a Special Issue
► Article Menu

Article Menu

share Share announcement Help format_quote Cite question_answer Discuss in SciProfiles
first_page
settings
Order Article Reprints
Font Type:
Arial Georgia Verdana
Font Size:
Aa Aa Aa
Line Spacing:
Column Width:
Background:
Article

High-Dose Spermidine Supplementation Does Not Increase Spermidine Levels in Blood Plasma and Saliva of Healthy Adults: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Pharmacokinetic and Metabolomic Study

by
Stefan Senekowitsch
1,†,
Eliza Wietkamp
2,†,
Michael Grimm
1,
Franziska Schmelter
2,
Philipp Schick
1,
Anna Kordowski
2,
Christian Sina
2,
Hans Otzen
2,
Werner Weitschies
1 and
Martin Smollich
2,*
1
Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
2
Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Nutrients 2023, 15(8), 1852; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15081852
Submission received: 27 February 2023 / Revised: 4 April 2023 / Accepted: 7 April 2023 / Published: 12 April 2023
(This article belongs to the Section Nutrition and Metabolism)
Browse Figures
Review Reports Versions Notes

Abstract

(1) Background: Spermidine is a biogenic polyamine that plays a crucial role in mammalian metabolism. As spermidine levels decline with age, spermidine supplementation is suggested to prevent or delay age-related diseases. However, valid pharmacokinetic data regarding spermidine remains lacking. Therefore, for the first time, the present study investigated the pharmacokinetics of oral spermidine supplementation. (2) Methods: This study was designed as a randomized, placebo-controlled, triple-blinded, two-armed crossover trial with two 5-day intervention phases separated by a washout phase of 9 days. In 12 healthy volunteers, 15 mg/d of spermidine was administered orally, and blood and saliva samples were taken. Spermidine, spermine, and putrescine were quantified by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). The plasma metabolome was investigated using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics. (3) Results: Compared with a placebo, spermidine supplementation significantly increased spermine levels in the plasma, but it did not affect spermidine or putrescine levels. No effect on salivary polyamine concentrations was observed. (4) Conclusions: This study’s results suggest that dietary spermidine is presystemically converted into spermine, which then enters systemic circulation. Presumably, the in vitro and clinical effects of spermidine are at least in part attributable to its metabolite, spermine. It is rather unlikely that spermidine supplements with doses <15 mg/d exert any short-term effects.
Keywords: spermidine; spermine; putrescine; autophagy; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19 spermidine; spermine; putrescine; autophagy; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Senekowitsch, S.; Wietkamp, E.; Grimm, M.; Schmelter, F.; Schick, P.; Kordowski, A.; Sina, C.; Otzen, H.; Weitschies, W.; Smollich, M. High-Dose Spermidine Supplementation Does Not Increase Spermidine Levels in Blood Plasma and Saliva of Healthy Adults: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Pharmacokinetic and Metabolomic Study. Nutrients 2023, 15, 1852. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15081852

AMA Style

Senekowitsch S, Wietkamp E, Grimm M, Schmelter F, Schick P, Kordowski A, Sina C, Otzen H, Weitschies W, Smollich M. High-Dose Spermidine Supplementation Does Not Increase Spermidine Levels in Blood Plasma and Saliva of Healthy Adults: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Pharmacokinetic and Metabolomic Study. Nutrients. 2023; 15(8):1852. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15081852

Chicago/Turabian Style

Senekowitsch, Stefan, Eliza Wietkamp, Michael Grimm, Franziska Schmelter, Philipp Schick, Anna Kordowski, Christian Sina, Hans Otzen, Werner Weitschies, and Martin Smollich. 2023. "High-Dose Spermidine Supplementation Does Not Increase Spermidine Levels in Blood Plasma and Saliva of Healthy Adults: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Pharmacokinetic and Metabolomic Study" Nutrients 15, no. 8: 1852. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15081852

APA Style

Senekowitsch, S., Wietkamp, E., Grimm, M., Schmelter, F., Schick, P., Kordowski, A., Sina, C., Otzen, H., Weitschies, W., & Smollich, M. (2023). High-Dose Spermidine Supplementation Does Not Increase Spermidine Levels in Blood Plasma and Saliva of Healthy Adults: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Pharmacokinetic and Metabolomic Study. Nutrients, 15(8), 1852. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15081852

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Metrics

Back to TopTop