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Nutrients
Volume 16
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10.3390/nu16111558
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Article

Infant Formula with 50% or More of Palmitic Acid Bound to the sn-2 Position of Triacylglycerols Eliminate the Association between Formula-Feeding and the Increase of Fecal Palmitic Acid Levels in Newborns: An Exploratory Study

by
Hiromichi Shoji
1,*,†,
Hiroko Arai
2,*,†,
Satsuki Kakiuchi
3,
Atsushi Ito
3,
Keigo Sato
4,5,
Shinji Jinno
4,5,
Naoto Takahashi
3,
Kenichi Masumoto
2,
Hitoshi Yoda
2 and
Toshiaki Shimizu
6
1
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, 3-1-3, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan
2
Department of Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, 6-11-1, Omorinishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8541, Japan
3
Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
4
Food Microbiology and Function Research Laboratory, Meiji Co., Ltd., 1-29-1, Nanakuni, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0919, Japan
5
Wellness Science Labs, Meiji Holdings Co., Ltd., 1-29-1, Nanakuni, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0919, Japan
6
Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 3-1-3, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Nutrients 2024, 16(11), 1558; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16111558
Submission received: 20 April 2024 / Revised: 16 May 2024 / Accepted: 19 May 2024 / Published: 21 May 2024
(This article belongs to the Section Pediatric Nutrition)
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Abstract

The binding ratio of palmitic acid (PA) at the sn-2 position of triacylglycerols in infant formulas is lower than that in breast milk, resulting in higher levels of fecal PA. Even if the ratio is increased to 40–50%, fecal PA levels in formula-fed infants remain higher than those in breast–fed infants. In Japan, infant formulas with 50% or more of PA bound to sn-2 (high sn-2 PA milk) are commercially available; however, their effects on PA excretion have not been investigated. Therefore, this observational study aimed to preliminarily evaluate whether the feeding volume of high sn-2 PA milk is significantly associated with fecal total/soaped PA levels in newborns. Infant formulas were classified as high (≥50% of PA bound to sn-2) or low sn-2 (<50%) PA milk. Associations between feeding volume of high or low sn-2 PA milk and fecal PA levels were evaluated using multiple regression analysis models. The results showed that the feeding volume of low sn-2 PA milk was positively associated with fecal total/soaped PA levels, while there was no significant association between those of high sn-2 PA milk and fecal total/soaped PA levels. Our preliminary study suggests that high sn-2 PA milk may reduce increased fecal PA levels in formula-fed newborns.
Keywords: sn-2 palmitate; infant formula; breast milk sn-2 palmitate; infant formula; breast milk

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MDPI and ACS Style

Shoji, H.; Arai, H.; Kakiuchi, S.; Ito, A.; Sato, K.; Jinno, S.; Takahashi, N.; Masumoto, K.; Yoda, H.; Shimizu, T. Infant Formula with 50% or More of Palmitic Acid Bound to the sn-2 Position of Triacylglycerols Eliminate the Association between Formula-Feeding and the Increase of Fecal Palmitic Acid Levels in Newborns: An Exploratory Study. Nutrients 2024, 16, 1558. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16111558

AMA Style

Shoji H, Arai H, Kakiuchi S, Ito A, Sato K, Jinno S, Takahashi N, Masumoto K, Yoda H, Shimizu T. Infant Formula with 50% or More of Palmitic Acid Bound to the sn-2 Position of Triacylglycerols Eliminate the Association between Formula-Feeding and the Increase of Fecal Palmitic Acid Levels in Newborns: An Exploratory Study. Nutrients. 2024; 16(11):1558. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16111558

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shoji, Hiromichi, Hiroko Arai, Satsuki Kakiuchi, Atsushi Ito, Keigo Sato, Shinji Jinno, Naoto Takahashi, Kenichi Masumoto, Hitoshi Yoda, and Toshiaki Shimizu. 2024. "Infant Formula with 50% or More of Palmitic Acid Bound to the sn-2 Position of Triacylglycerols Eliminate the Association between Formula-Feeding and the Increase of Fecal Palmitic Acid Levels in Newborns: An Exploratory Study" Nutrients 16, no. 11: 1558. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16111558

APA Style

Shoji, H., Arai, H., Kakiuchi, S., Ito, A., Sato, K., Jinno, S., Takahashi, N., Masumoto, K., Yoda, H., & Shimizu, T. (2024). Infant Formula with 50% or More of Palmitic Acid Bound to the sn-2 Position of Triacylglycerols Eliminate the Association between Formula-Feeding and the Increase of Fecal Palmitic Acid Levels in Newborns: An Exploratory Study. Nutrients, 16(11), 1558. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16111558

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