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Nutrients
Volume 16
Issue 14
10.3390/nu16142298
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Article

Effects of Chronic Barley Consumption on Upper Respiratory Tract Symptoms in Japanese Healthy Adults: A Randomized, Parallel-Group, Controlled Trial

by
Risa Araki
*,
Chiaki Ishikawa
,
Tomomi Kawasaki
,
Toshiro Kobori
,
Toshihiko Shoji
and
Yoshiharu Takayama
Division of Food Function Research, Institute of Food Research, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba 305-8642, Ibaraki, Japan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nutrients 2024, 16(14), 2298; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16142298
Submission received: 11 June 2024 / Revised: 15 July 2024 / Accepted: 15 July 2024 / Published: 17 July 2024
(This article belongs to the Section Nutritional Immunology)
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Abstract

β-(1,3/1,4)-glucan is a major component of cereal grains, such as oats and barley. In this study, we investigated the effects of cooked waxy barley, which contains β-(1,3/1,4)-glucan, on upper respiratory tract physical symptoms and mood status by performing a randomized, parallel-group, comparative trial. The primary outcome was assessed using the Wisconsin Upper Respiratory Symptom Survey-21 and Profile of Mood States second edition. Twenty-seven healthy Japanese adult participants were supplemented with 100 g of cooked waxy barley (containing 1.8 g of β-glucan) or 100 g of cooked white rice daily for 8 weeks. Participants receiving cooked waxy barley reported a reduction in cumulative days of sneezing (p < 0.05) and feeling tired (p < 0.0001) compared with the control group. After the intervention period, there were significantly less severe nasal symptoms, such as runny nose, plugged nose, and sneezing (p < 0.05), and a significantly greater reduction of the Tension-Anguish score (p < 0.05) in the barley group than in the control group. This study suggests that supplementation of cooked waxy barley containing β-(1,3/1,4)-glucan prevents or alleviates nasal upper respiratory tract symptoms and improves mood status. The findings of this study should be confirmed by double-blind trials with a larger number of participants.
Keywords: barley β-glucan; Profile of Mood States (POMS); natural killer (NK) cells; upper respiratory tract symptoms (URTS); waxy barley; Wisconsin Upper Respiratory Symptom Survey (WURSS)-21 barley β-glucan; Profile of Mood States (POMS); natural killer (NK) cells; upper respiratory tract symptoms (URTS); waxy barley; Wisconsin Upper Respiratory Symptom Survey (WURSS)-21

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MDPI and ACS Style

Araki, R.; Ishikawa, C.; Kawasaki, T.; Kobori, T.; Shoji, T.; Takayama, Y. Effects of Chronic Barley Consumption on Upper Respiratory Tract Symptoms in Japanese Healthy Adults: A Randomized, Parallel-Group, Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2024, 16, 2298. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16142298

AMA Style

Araki R, Ishikawa C, Kawasaki T, Kobori T, Shoji T, Takayama Y. Effects of Chronic Barley Consumption on Upper Respiratory Tract Symptoms in Japanese Healthy Adults: A Randomized, Parallel-Group, Controlled Trial. Nutrients. 2024; 16(14):2298. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16142298

Chicago/Turabian Style

Araki, Risa, Chiaki Ishikawa, Tomomi Kawasaki, Toshiro Kobori, Toshihiko Shoji, and Yoshiharu Takayama. 2024. "Effects of Chronic Barley Consumption on Upper Respiratory Tract Symptoms in Japanese Healthy Adults: A Randomized, Parallel-Group, Controlled Trial" Nutrients 16, no. 14: 2298. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16142298

APA Style

Araki, R., Ishikawa, C., Kawasaki, T., Kobori, T., Shoji, T., & Takayama, Y. (2024). Effects of Chronic Barley Consumption on Upper Respiratory Tract Symptoms in Japanese Healthy Adults: A Randomized, Parallel-Group, Controlled Trial. Nutrients, 16(14), 2298. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16142298

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