Causal Effect of Macronutrient and Micronutrient Intake on Stroke: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Data Source
2.2.1. Macronutrients and Micronutrients
2.2.2. Stroke
2.3. Selection Criteria of Instrumental Variables
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Trait | No. of SNP | Ancestry | Sample Size | Data Source |
---|---|---|---|---|
Macronutrients | ||||
Protein | 7 | European | 268,922 | Meddens, S.F.W. et al. (2021) [11] |
Carbohydrate | 13 | European | 268,923 | Meddens, S.F.W. et al. (2021) [11] |
Sugar | 10 | European | 230,648 | Meddens, S.F.W. et al. (2021) [11] |
Fat | 6 | European | 268,924 | Meddens, S.F.W. et al. (2021) [11] |
Micronutrients | ||||
Vitamin A | 2 | European | 5006 | Mondul, A.M. et al. (2011) [12] |
Vitamin B6 | 2 | European | 4763 | Hazra, A. et al. (2009) [13] |
Vitamin B9 | 2 | European | 37,341 | Grarup, N. et al. (2013) [14] |
Vitamin B12 | 11 | European | 45,576 | Grarup, N. et al. (2013) [14] |
Vitamin C | 11 | European | 52,018 | Zheng, J.S. et al. (2021) [15] |
Vitamin D | 138 | European | 443,734 | Manousaki, D. et al. (2020) [16] |
Vitamin E | 3 | European | 7781 | Major, J.M. et al. (2011) [17] |
Calcium | 7 | European | 39,400 | O’Seaghdha, C.M. et al. (2013) [18] |
Copper | 2 | European | 2603 | Evans, D.M. et al. (2013) [19] |
Zinc | 3 | European | 2603 | Evans, D.M. et al. (2013) [19] |
Magnesium | 6 | European | 23,829 | Meyer, T.E. et al. (2010) [20] |
Iron | 14 | European | 163,511 | Bell, S. et al. (2021) [21] |
Selenium | 12 | European | 9639 | Cornelis, M.C. et al. (2015) [22] |
Phosphorus | 5 | European | 21,708 | Kestenbaum, B. et al. (2010) [23] |
Stroke | ||||
Any stroke | - | European | 446,696 | Malik, R. et al. (2018) [1] |
Ischemic stroke | - | European | 440,328 | Malik, R. et al. (2018) [1] |
Large-artery stroke | - | European | 150,765 | Malik, R. et al. (2018) [1] |
Small-vessel stroke | - | European | 198,048 | Malik, R. et al. (2018) [1] |
Cardioembolic stroke | - | European | 211,763 | Malik, R. et al. (2018) [1] |
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Dong, G.; Xu, W.; Xu, L. Causal Effect of Macronutrient and Micronutrient Intake on Stroke: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study. Nutrients 2024, 16, 2818. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16172818
Dong G, Xu W, Xu L. Causal Effect of Macronutrient and Micronutrient Intake on Stroke: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study. Nutrients. 2024; 16(17):2818. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16172818
Chicago/Turabian StyleDong, Guozhang, Wanqian Xu, and Lin Xu. 2024. "Causal Effect of Macronutrient and Micronutrient Intake on Stroke: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study" Nutrients 16, no. 17: 2818. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16172818