The Effect of Cannabidiol on Performance and Post-Load Recovery among Healthy and Physically Active Individuals: A Systematic Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Limitations
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Study | Design | Population | Outcome Analyzed | Intervention | Results |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Crossland et al., 2022 [24] | RCT crossover | 24 well-trained females; age = 21.2 ± 1.8 years; height = 166.4 ± 8 cm; weight = 64.9 ± 9.1 kg | MB, inflammatory markers (IL-10, IL-1β, IL-6), dynamic strength, isometric strength, VJ, peak torque, peak isometric torque, VAFS | 1st, 4th visits: Blood sampling; CBD/placebo capsules administration, exercise (eccentric leg extensions). 2nd, 3rd, 5th, 6th visits: performance measurement: blood draw; VJ, isometric and dynamic strength analysis, VAFS | MB ↑. Inflammatory markers=. Dynamic strength=. Isometric strength=. VJ=. After 4–24 h after training: peak torque ↓, peak isometric torque ↓. VAFS ↑. |
Sahinovic et al., 2022 [25] | RCT | 9 endurance-trained males: 18–45 years, running average ≥40 km/wk. Weight: PLA = 70.5 ± 5.4 kg, CBD = 70.7 ± 5.5 kg | VO2, VO2max, blood glucose, lactate, RPE, rating of pleasure, TTE, AEA, HR, HRmax, RERmax | CBD (300 mg)/Placebo capsules administration 90 min before RUN 1: 60 min at an intensity of 70% VO2max, 30 min of rest. RUN 2: increasing by 2% every 3 min until volitional exhaustion | RUN 1: VO2 ↑, rate of pleasure ↑, lactate ↑. HR=, RPE=, blood glucose=, RER=. RUN 2: VO2max ↑, RERmax ↑, TTE=, HRmax=. Post RUN 1 and RUN 2: AEA ↑. Post- RUN 2: AEA ↓. |
Isenmann et al., 2021 [26] | RCT crossover | 16 experienced (at least one year) in strength training age = 24 ± 3 years; height = 181.4 ± 10.0 cm; weight = 79.2 ± 13.7 kg | MB, CK, 1 RM BS, CMJ | First visit: anthropometry + blood sample. Warm-up; Maximal power and strength test (before and after 24, 48, 72 h training). Training protocol: 3 × 12 BS 70% of their 1RM with 150 s rest between sets. Drop jumps from a 45 cm high box, landed in a deep squat, 3 × 15 with 60 s rest between sets. 60 mg CBD solubilisat with 250 mL water/PLA drink directly after exercise. | After 24 h: 1 RM BS ↓, CK ↑, MB ↑, CMJ=. After 48 h: CK ↑, MB ↑, 1 RM BS=, CMJ=. After 72 h: CK ↑, MB ↑, 1 RM BS=, CMJ=. |
Flores et al., 2023 [27] | RCT | 48 physical active participants (24 males and 24 females). Age = 25 ± 6 years; height = 171 ± 10 cm; weight 73 ± 13 kg | Lean body mass, Body fat percentage, VO2max, 1 RM BP, 1RM BS, mean power, relative mean power, anaerobic fatigue, steps per day, psychological wellbeing, CRP | 8 visits: 4 pre-interventions (blood sampling, psychological wellbeing, anthropometry, aerobic tests, anaerobic test, muscle strength test) and 4 after. During the 8-week intervention, participants consumed 50 mg of hemp-derived CBD/225 mg of a placebo capsules. | Lean body mass=, Body fat percentage=, VO2max=, 1 RM BP=, 1 RM BS=, mean power ↑, relative mean power ↑, anaerobic fatigue=, steps per day=, psychological wellbeing=, CRP=. |
Isenmann et al., 2024 [28] | RCT crossover | 17 well-trained athletes of an advanced strength level (15 males and 2 females) | CMJ, BS, BP, 1-mile run, CK, MB, IL-6, IL-10, oxidative stress markers, immune cell activity markers | 3 × 6 days high-intensity training protocol. After training: CBD/placebo oil (60 mg). Between the intervention phases, at least 4 weeks of washout period. | CBD Oil-AD: CMJ=; 1RM BS=; 1RM BP=; 1mile=; CK=; MB ↓; IL-6=; IL-10=; OxLDL=; ImAnOx=; PLR trend ↑; NLR=; SII=. CBD solu-AD: CMJ=; 1RMBS=; 1RMBP=; 1mile=; CK=; MB=; IL-6=; IL-10=; OxLDL=; ImAnOx=; PLR=; NLR=; SII=. CBD Oil-Hi: CMJ=; 1RMBS=; 1RMBP=; 1mile=; CK=; MB=; IL-6=; IL-10=; OxLDL=; ImAnOx=; PLR trend ↑; NLR=; SII=. CBD solu-Hi: CMJ ↑; 1RMBS=; 1RMBP=; 1mile=; CK ↑; MB ↑; IL-6=; IL-10=; OxLDL strong trend ↑; ImAnOx=; PLR=; NLR=; SII=. |
Skopek et al., 2021 [29] | RCT crossover | 16 healthy males in good physical shape. Age: 22.7 ± 0.8 years; height 178.1 ± 8.6 cm; weight 75.7 ± 6 kg | SRT; CRT | The experiment was conducted twice at one-week intervals. The participants were administered CBD (11 mg)/PLA oil sublingually. 30 min after—was tested with a reactometer for SRT and CRT. | SRT=, CRT=. |
Stone et al., 2023 [30] | RCT, double-blind, crossover | 4 physically active participants (2 males and 2 females). Height 171.38 ± 9.60 cm; weight 71.89 ± 16.30 kg; body composition 22.82 ± 7.44%. | Pain, Range of Motion, IL-6, Handgrip, Bicep Curl, Determination | Supplementation/PLA capsules: 0 h and 12 h after 2 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg. Baseline measurements, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h | IL-6: After 24 h: low ↑, high ↑; After 48 h: low ↓, high ↑; After 72 h: low ↓, high ↓. Handgrip: After 24 h: low ↑, high ↓; After 48 h: low ↑, high ↓; After 72 h: low ↑, high ↑. Bicep Curl: After 24 h: low ↓, high ↓; After 48 h: low ↑, high ↓; After 72 h: low ↑, high ↓. Pain: After 24 h: low ↑, high ↑; After 48 h: low ↑, high ↑; After 72 h: low ↑, high ↑. Range of Motion: After 24 h: low ↓, high ↓; After 48 h: low ↓, high ↓; After 72 h: low ↓, high ↓. |
Study | D1 | D2 | D3 | D4 | D5 | D6 | D7 | D8 | Overall |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Crossland et al., 2022 [24] | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
Sahinovic et al., 2022 [25] | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
Isenmann et al., 2022 [26] | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
Flores et al., 2023 [27] | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
Isenmann et al., 2024 [28] | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
Skopek et al., 2021 [29] | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
Stone et al., 2023 [30] | + | + | + | − | − | − | + | + | + |
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Bezuglov, E.; Achkasov, E.; Rudiakova, E.; Shurygin, V.; Malyakin, G.; Svistunov, D.; Butovskiy, M.; Fedorova, A.; Kapralova, E. The Effect of Cannabidiol on Performance and Post-Load Recovery among Healthy and Physically Active Individuals: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2024, 16, 2840. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16172840
Bezuglov E, Achkasov E, Rudiakova E, Shurygin V, Malyakin G, Svistunov D, Butovskiy M, Fedorova A, Kapralova E. The Effect of Cannabidiol on Performance and Post-Load Recovery among Healthy and Physically Active Individuals: A Systematic Review. Nutrients. 2024; 16(17):2840. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16172840
Chicago/Turabian StyleBezuglov, Eduard, Evgeniy Achkasov, Elizaveta Rudiakova, Vladimir Shurygin, Georgiy Malyakin, Danila Svistunov, Mikhail Butovskiy, Aleksandra Fedorova, and Elizaveta Kapralova. 2024. "The Effect of Cannabidiol on Performance and Post-Load Recovery among Healthy and Physically Active Individuals: A Systematic Review" Nutrients 16, no. 17: 2840. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16172840