Matcha Does Not Affect Electroencephalography during Sleep but May Enhance Mental Well-Being: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Ethics Statement
2.2. Test Food
2.3. Participants
2.4. Study Design
2.5. Participant Evaluations
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Sleep Quality Measured by EEG (Total Sleep Time, Sleep Latency, Wake after Sleep Onset Time, Number of Wake after Sleep Onset, and Sleep Efficiency)
3.2. Evaluation of Sleep Quality Using a Sleep Questionnaire
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristic | Placebo | Matcha |
---|---|---|
Number of participants | 23 | 23 |
Sex (Male/Female) | 12/11 | 11/12 |
Age (years; range 30–64) | 49.2 ± 10 | 50.7 ± 9.5 |
PSQI-J score (range 2–9) | 4.7 ± 1.5 | 4.5 ± 1.7 |
Sleep efficiency (%; range 73.1–96.9) | 89.7 ± 4.6 | 89.1 ± 6.2 |
0 Weeks | 4 Weeks | p-Values | d Values | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total sleep time (min) | Placebo | 373 ± 39 | 360 ± 58 | ||
Matcha | 378 ± 33 | 371 ± 43 | 0.47 | 0.22 | |
Sleep latency (min) | Placebo | 12.1 ± 9.2 | 12.8 ± 15 | ||
Matcha | 16.1 ± 20 | 13.5 ± 12 | 0.86 | 0.05 | |
Wake after sleep onset (min) | Placebo | 31.9 ± 20 | 32.6 ± 20 | ||
Matcha | 32.8 ± 21 | 36.1 ± 22 | 0.58 | 0.16 | |
Number of awake after sleep onset (times) | Placebo | 83.7 ± 33 | 77.4 ± 35 | ||
Matcha | 95.3 ± 42 | 95.4 ± 48 | 0.16 | 0.43 | |
Sleep efficiency (%TRT) | Placebo | 89.7 ± 4.6 | 88.6 ± 6.2 | ||
Matcha | 89.1 ± 6.2 | 88.6 ± 5.5 | 0.97 | 0.01 | |
Time spent in bed after waking (s) | Placebo | 216 ± 221 | 320 ± 347 | ||
Matcha | 169 ± 201 | 148 ± 147 * | 0.04 | −0.65 |
0 Weeks | 4 Weeks | Amount of Change from Baseline | Change from Baseline (%) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
p-Values | d Values | p-Values | d Values | |||||||
PSQI-J | Placebo | 4.7 ± 1.5 | 3.9 ± 1.5 # | −0.9 ± 1.8 | −13.1 ± 44 | |||||
Matcha | 4.5 ± 1.7 | 4.0 ± 1.7 | −0.6 ± 1.6 | 0.55 | 0.18 | −7.04 ± 40 | 0.63 | 0.14 | ||
JESS | Placebo | 11.0 ± 6.0 | 8.1 ± 3.6 # | −2.9 ± 5.6 | −11.4 ± 44 | |||||
Matcha | 10.3 ± 4.9 | 8.3 ± 4.7 # | −2.0 ± 3.7 | 0.54 | 0.18 | −16.4 ± 38 | 0.68 | 0.12 | ||
OSA-MA | Sleepiness on rising | Placebo | 13.6 ± 6.5 | 17.0 ± 4.2 ## | 3.48 ± 5.6 | 71.1 ± 150 | ||||
Matcha | 14.7 ± 6.0 | 18.0 ± 5.9 # | 3.30 ± 6.7 | 0.92 | 0.03 | 47.7 ± 103 | 0.54 | 0.18 | ||
Initiation and maintenance of sleep | Placebo | 13.8 ± 3.7 | 15.7 ± 3.8 # | 1.85 ± 3.5 | 17.8 ± 34 | |||||
Matcha | 14.6 ± 4.7 | 16.2 ± 4.2 | 1.62 ± 4.8 | 0.85 | 0.06 | 19.5 ± 44 | 0.89 | 0.04 | ||
Frequent dreaming | Placebo | 19.4 ± 6.6 | 21.1 ± 6.7 | 1.77 ± 5.8 | 15.4 ± 37 | |||||
Matcha | 21.1 ± 8.0 | 19.7 ± 8.0 | −1.45 ± 5.7 | 0.07 | 0.56 | −2.32 ± 27 | 0.07 | 0.55 | ||
Refreshing on rising | Placebo | 12.6 ± 6.1 | 17.8 ±4.4 ## | 5.12 ± 5.9 | 96.2 ± 150 | |||||
Matcha | 14.3 ± 5.4 | 17.7 ±5.0 # | 3.47 ± 6.9 | 0.39 | 0.26 | 48.7 ± 101 | 0.21 | 0.37 | ||
Sleep length | Placebo | 16.1 ± 4.9 | 17.1 ±4.6 | 0.99 ± 4.6 | 12.8 ± 37 | |||||
Matcha | 15.2 ± 5.8 | 18.6 ±4.5 ## | 3.42 ± 4.9 | 0.09 | 0.51 | 40.9 ± 81 | 0.14 | 0.44 | ||
BDI-II | Placebo | 7.7 ± 7.2 | 7.3 ± 7.2 | −0.4 ± 5.5 | 20.9 ± 116 | |||||
Matcha | 9.1 ± 7.8 | 6.7 ± 6.3 # | −2.4 ± 5.5 | 0.23 | 0.36 | −28.9 ± 47 | 0.07 | 0.56 |
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Baba, Y.; Takihara, T.; Okamura, N. Matcha Does Not Affect Electroencephalography during Sleep but May Enhance Mental Well-Being: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2024, 16, 2907. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16172907
Baba Y, Takihara T, Okamura N. Matcha Does Not Affect Electroencephalography during Sleep but May Enhance Mental Well-Being: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Nutrients. 2024; 16(17):2907. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16172907
Chicago/Turabian StyleBaba, Yoshitake, Takanobu Takihara, and Noritaka Okamura. 2024. "Matcha Does Not Affect Electroencephalography during Sleep but May Enhance Mental Well-Being: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial" Nutrients 16, no. 17: 2907. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16172907