Lactiplantibacillus plantarum P470 Isolated from Fermented Chinese Chives Has the Potential to Improve In Vitro the Intestinal Microbiota and Biological Activity in Feces of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) Patients
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. In Vitro Colonic Fermentation Models
2.3. Determination of Antioxidant Activity before and after Fermentation
2.4. In Vitro Assessment of Anti-Inflammatory Effects
2.4.1. Measurement of Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) in RAW264.7 Cells
2.4.2. In Vitro Evaluation of Anti-Inflammatory Effects
2.5. DNA Extraction and Gut Microbiota Analysis
2.6. Gas Chromatography for SCFA Analysis
2.7. UPLC-MS/MS for Untargeted Metabolomics
2.8. Statistic Analysis
3. Results
3.1. L. plantarum P470 Exerts an Antioxidant Activity in Feces from CHD Patients
3.2. L. plantarum P470 Seems to Exert Some Anti-Inflammatory Activity in Feces of CHD Patients
3.3. L. plantarum P470 Exerts Restricted Efficacy in Feces from CHD Patients In Vitro
3.4. L. plantarum P470 Enhances Fecal SCFAs Content of CHD Patients In Vitro
3.5. L. plantarum P470 Regulated Metabolism in Feces of CHD Patients In Vitro
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Gene | Oligonucleotide Sequence (5′–3′) |
---|---|
TNF-α | GGACTAGCCAGGAGGGAGAA |
CGCGGATCATGCTTTCTGTG | |
IL-6 | TGGAGTACCATAGCTACCTGGA |
TCTCTCTGAAGGACTCTGGCT | |
IL-10 | GGGCGAGTGTAACAAGACCT |
ATTTGCTGGGTTCCCACACT | |
β-actin | AGGGAAATCGTGCGTGACAT |
GGAAAAGAGCCTCAGGGCAT |
CHD-48 vs. CHD-48-LP | |||||||||
Compound | Formula | Molecular Weight | RT (min) | HMDB | PubChem | KEGG | p-Value | Fold Change | log2(FC) |
Stearic acid | C18H36O2 | 284.27186 | 16.997 | HMDB0000827 | 5281 | C01530 | 0.044816 | 2.277 | 1.1871 |
Toxopyrimidine | C6H9N3O | 139.07474 | 19.621 | METPA0166 | - | C01279 | 0.014444 | 0.15151 | −2.7225 |
Geranylacetone | C13H22O | 194.16701 | 17.101 | HMDB0031846 | 1713001 | C13297 | 0.012086 | 0.49681 | −1.0092 |
Linoleate | C18H32O2 | 280.24017 | 16.121 | HMDB0000673 | 5280450 | C01595 | 0.0081258 | 0.14277 | −2.8082 |
Inspra | C24H30O6 | 414.20414 | 10.885 | HMDB0014838 | 443872 | C12512 | 0.014593 | 4.0497 | 2.0178 |
A-12(13)-EpODE | C18H30O3 | 294.21941 | 16.398 | HMDB0010200 | 16061061 | 0.026316 | 5.2634 | 2.396 | |
α-linolenoyl Ethanolamide | C20H35NO2 | 321.2668 | 16.105 | NA | NA | NA | 0.034482 | 0.24847 | −2.0089 |
HP-48 vs. HP-48-LP | |||||||||
Compound | Formula | Molecular Weight | RT (min) | HMDB | PubChem | KEGG | p-value | Fold Change | log2(FC) |
L-aspartic acid | C4H7N O4 | 133.03669 | 0.772 | HMDB0000191 | 5960 | C00049 | 0.03759 | 0.077347 | −3.6925 |
Dibutyl phthalate | C16H22O4 | 278.15181 | 17.236 | HMDB0033244 | 3026 | C14214 | 0.029904 | 2.6541 | 1.4082 |
D-(+)-malic acid | C4H6O5 | 134.02082 | 0.783 | HMDB0031518 | 92824 | C00497 | 0.036464 | 0.21635 | −2.2086 |
2-methylcitric acid | C7H10O7 | 206.04345 | 0.847 | HMDB0000379 | 5290 | C02225 | 0.046553 | 0.059527 | −4.0703 |
Linoleic acid | C18H32O2 | 280.24047 | 18.049 | HMDB0000673 | 5280450 | C01595 | 0.012485 | 0.17687 | −2.4992 |
L-aspartic acid | C4H7NO4 | 133.03669 | 0.772 | HMDB0000191 | 5960 | C00049 | 0.038565 | 0.034422 | −4.8605 |
Chenodeoxycholic acid | C24H40O4 | 438.29865 | 7.765 | HMDB0000637 | 22833540 | C05466 | 0.031712 | 26.812 | 4.7448 |
N-acetylneuraminic acid | C11H19NO9 | 309.10584 | 1.004 | HMDB0000230 | 445063 | C19910 | 0.049937 | 0.24727 | −2.0159 |
Verapamil | C27H38N2O4 | 454.28316 | 6.051 | HMDB0001850 | 2520 | C07188 | 0.015041 | 3.1745 | 1.6665 |
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Yang, L.; Wu, Y.; Yang, J.; Li, Y.; Zhao, X.; Liang, T.; Li, L.; Jiang, T.; Zhang, T.; Zhang, J.; et al. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum P470 Isolated from Fermented Chinese Chives Has the Potential to Improve In Vitro the Intestinal Microbiota and Biological Activity in Feces of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) Patients. Nutrients 2024, 16, 2945. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16172945
Yang L, Wu Y, Yang J, Li Y, Zhao X, Liang T, Li L, Jiang T, Zhang T, Zhang J, et al. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum P470 Isolated from Fermented Chinese Chives Has the Potential to Improve In Vitro the Intestinal Microbiota and Biological Activity in Feces of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) Patients. Nutrients. 2024; 16(17):2945. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16172945
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang, Lingshuang, Yuwei Wu, Juan Yang, Ying Li, Xinyu Zhao, Tingting Liang, Longyan Li, Tong Jiang, Tiantian Zhang, Jumei Zhang, and et al. 2024. "Lactiplantibacillus plantarum P470 Isolated from Fermented Chinese Chives Has the Potential to Improve In Vitro the Intestinal Microbiota and Biological Activity in Feces of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) Patients" Nutrients 16, no. 17: 2945. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16172945