Protective Effects of Vitamin D on Proteoglycans of Human Articular Chondrocytes through TGF-β1 Signaling
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Chemicals
2.2. Cell Culture
2.3. Cell Viability Assay
2.4. ELISA Analysis
2.5. RNA Extraction and Real-Time Quantitative PCR
2.6. Immunohistochemistry and Immunofluorescence Analysis
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Effects of VD and TNF-α on the Viability of Human Chondrocytes
3.2. Effects of VD and TNF-α on the Release of TGF-β1
3.3. Effects of VD on the mRNA Levels of ADAMTS and Aggrecan in TNF-α Treated Human Chondrocytes
3.4. The Role of TGF-β1
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Names | Primers | Sequence |
---|---|---|
GAPDH | Forward | 5′-TCAAGAAGGTGGTGAAGCAGG-3′ |
Reverse | 5′-TCAAAGGTGGAGGAGTGGGT-3′ | |
Aggrecan | Forward | 5′-TGAGCGGCAGCACTTTGAC-3′ |
Reverse | 5′-TGAGTACAGGAGGCTTGAGG-3′ | |
ADAMTS-4 | Forward | 5′- CAATCCTGTCAGCTTGGTGG-3′ |
Reverse | 5′-GCTGTGTCAAAGTGGTCAGG-3′ | |
ADAMTS-5 | Forward | 5′-CTGCCACCACACTCAAGAAC-3′ |
Reverse | 5′-TGGAGGCCATCGTCTTCAAT-3′ | |
SOX-9 | Forward | 5′-GAACGCACATCAAGACGGAG-3′ |
Reverse | 5′-AGTTCTGGTGGTCGGTGTAG-3′ | |
RUNX-2 | Forward | 5′-ATTCTGCTGAGCTCCGGAAT-3′ |
Reverse | 5′-AGCTTCTGTCTGTGCCTTCT-3′ | |
TIMP-3 | Forward | 5′-GTCGCGTCTATGATGGCAAG-3′ |
Reverse | 5′-AAGCAAGGCAGGTAGTAGCA-3′ |
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Guan, J.; Li, Z.; Niu, G.; Li, S.; Li, W.; Song, C.; Leng, H. Protective Effects of Vitamin D on Proteoglycans of Human Articular Chondrocytes through TGF-β1 Signaling. Nutrients 2024, 16, 2991. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16172991
Guan J, Li Z, Niu G, Li S, Li W, Song C, Leng H. Protective Effects of Vitamin D on Proteoglycans of Human Articular Chondrocytes through TGF-β1 Signaling. Nutrients. 2024; 16(17):2991. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16172991
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuan, Jian, Zhuoxin Li, Guodong Niu, Siwei Li, Weishi Li, Chunli Song, and Huijie Leng. 2024. "Protective Effects of Vitamin D on Proteoglycans of Human Articular Chondrocytes through TGF-β1 Signaling" Nutrients 16, no. 17: 2991. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16172991