Impact of Clinical Use of Probiotics on Preterm-Related Outcomes in Infants with Extremely Low Birth Weight
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Participants
2.2. Neonatal Characteristic and Outcomes Measures
2.3. Statical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. The Characteristic Demographic Data and Comparison of Outcomes between Probiotic Group and Non-Probiotic Group
3.2. The Subgroup Analysis of the Effects on the Timing of Probiotic Initiation
3.3. Assess the Effect of Probiotics on the Time to Achieve CEF
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristic | Probiotic N = 206 | Non-Probiotic (N = 124) | p |
---|---|---|---|
GA (wk) * | 26.7 [25.3, 28.2] | 26.3 [25.1, 28.4] | 0.30 |
BBW(gm) * | 822 [697, 918] | 811 [678, 900] | 0.18 |
SGA | 42 (20.4) | 29 (23.4) | 0.50 |
1′ Apgar score * | 6 [5, 7] | 6 [5, 7] | 0.31 |
5′ Apgar score * | 8 [7, 9] | 8 [7, 9] | 0.52 |
IVH ≥ grade 2 | 23 (11.2) | 16 (12.9) | 0.62 |
eHM | 18 (8.7) | 29 (23.4) | <0.01 |
Start feeding age (Day) * | 5 [3, 8] | 6 [3, 11] | 0.10 |
Early-onset sepsis * | 5 (2.4) | 3 (2.4) | 1.00 |
HsPDA | 97 (47.1) | 67 (54.0) | 0.20 |
Receiving medications for HsPDA | 31 (15.0) | 13(10.3) | 0.22 |
Ligation for HsPDA | 66 (32.0) | 54 (43.5) | 0.03 |
Receiving medications and ligation for HsPDA | 25 (12.0) | 20 (15.9) | 0.33 |
Only ligation for HsPDA | 41 (19.9) | 34 (27.0) | 0.13 |
Outcomes | Probiotic N = 206 | Non-Probiotic N = 124 | p | Power |
---|---|---|---|---|
BPD ≥ grade II | 136/204 (66.7) | 72/102 (70.6) | 0.49 | 0.10 |
NEC ≥ stage II | 17 (8.2) | 6 (4.8) | 0.65 | 0.20 |
Late-onset sepsis | 82 (39.8) | 40 (32.3) | 0.19 | 0.27 |
PVL | 13 (6.3) | 7 (5.6) | 0.82 | 0.04 |
ROP | 38/200 (19) | 17/101 (16.8) | 0.64 | 0.07 |
Mortality, overall | 9 (4.4) | 24 (19.4) | <0.01 | 0.99 |
NEC- or sepsis-related | 3 (1.4) | 12 (9.7) | <0.01 | 0.91 |
Not NEC- or sepsis-related | 6 (2.9) | 12 (9.7) | 0.02 | 0.73 |
OR | 95% CI | p | aOR a | 95% CI | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mortality, overall | 0.19 | 0.09–0.43 | <0.01 | 0.22 | 0.09–0.48 | <0.01 |
NEC- or sepsis-related | 0.14 | 0.04–0.50 | <0.01 | 0.12 | 0.03–0.45 | <0.01 |
Not NEC- or sepsis-related | 0.31 | 0.11–0.86 | 0.02 | 0.41 | 0.84–7.10 | 0.1 |
Early Probiotic (EP), N = 60 | Late Probiotic (LP), N = 146 | Non-Probiotic (NP), N = 124 | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
GA (wk) * | 27.0 [25.8, 28.5] | 26.7 [25.1, 27.9] | 26.3 [25.1, 28.4] | 0.15 |
BBW(gm) * | 847 [726, 947] | 810 [686, 910] | 811 [678, 900] | 0.06 |
Age at initiation of probiotics (Day) * | 9 [7, 11] | 29 [19, 46] | - | <0.01 a |
SGA | 13 (21.7) | 19 (19.9) | 29 (23.4) | 0.78 |
1′ Apgar score * | 7 [6, 7] | 6 [5, 7] | 6 [5, 7] | 0.06 |
5′ Apgar score * | 8 [8, 9] | 8 [7, 9] | 8 [7, 9] | 0.19 |
IVH ≥ grade 2 | 5 (8.3) | 18 (12.3) | 16 (12.9) | 0.64 |
eHM | 6 (10) | 12 (8.2) | 29 (23.4) | <0.01 a,b |
Start feeding age (Day) * | 4 [3, 6] | 6 [4, 9] | 6 [3, 11] | <0.01 a,c |
Early-onset sepsis | 0 (0) | 5 (3.4) | 3 (2.4) | 0.35 |
HsPDA | 18 (30.0) | 79 (54.1) | 67 (54.0) | <0.01 a,c |
Receiving medications for HsPDA | 7 (11.7) | 24 (16.4) | 13 (10.3) | 0.32 |
Ligation for HsPDA | 11 (18.3) | 55 (37.7) | 54 (43.5) | <0.01 a,c |
Receiving medications and ligation for HsPDA | 2 (3.3) | 23 (15.8) | 20 (15.9) | <0.01 a,c |
Only ligation for HsPDA | 9 (15.0) | 32 (21.9) | 34 (27.0) | 0.16 |
Early Probiotic (EP), N = 60 | Late Probiotic (LP), N = 146 | Non-Probiotic (NP), N = 124 | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
BPD ≥ grade II (%) | 35 (58.3) | 101/144 (70.1) | 72/102 (70.6) | 0.20 |
NEC ≥ stage II (%) | 23 (38.3) | 59 (40.4) | 40 (32.3) | 0.37 |
Late-onset sepsis (%) | 4 (6.7) | 9 (6.2) | 7 (5.6) | 0.96 |
PVL (%) | 4 (6.7) | 13 (8.9) | 6 (4.8) | 0.42 |
ROP (%) | 8 (13.3) | 30/140 (21.4) | 17/101 (16.8) | 0.35 |
Mortality, overall (%) | 0 (0) | 9 (6.2) | 24 (19.4) | <0.01 a,b,c |
NEC- or sepsis-related (%) | 0 (0) | 3 (1.4) | 12 (9.7) | <0.01 a,b |
Not NEC- or sepsis-related (%) | 0 (0) | 6 (4.1) | 11 (8.4) | 0.03 a |
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Wu, W.-H.; Chiang, M.-C.; Fu, R.-H.; Lai, M.-Y.; Wu, I.-H.; Lien, R.; Lee, C.-C. Impact of Clinical Use of Probiotics on Preterm-Related Outcomes in Infants with Extremely Low Birth Weight. Nutrients 2024, 16, 2995. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16172995
Wu W-H, Chiang M-C, Fu R-H, Lai M-Y, Wu I-H, Lien R, Lee C-C. Impact of Clinical Use of Probiotics on Preterm-Related Outcomes in Infants with Extremely Low Birth Weight. Nutrients. 2024; 16(17):2995. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16172995
Chicago/Turabian StyleWu, Wei-Hung, Ming-Chou Chiang, Ren-Huei Fu, Mei-Yin Lai, I-Hsyuan Wu, Reyin Lien, and Chien-Chung Lee. 2024. "Impact of Clinical Use of Probiotics on Preterm-Related Outcomes in Infants with Extremely Low Birth Weight" Nutrients 16, no. 17: 2995. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16172995