The Effect of Individual Attitude toward Healthy Nutrition on Adherence to a High-UFA and High-Protein Diet: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Setting
2.2. Eligibility Criteria
2.3. Intervention and Control
2.4. Assessment of Baseline Sociodemographic and Metabolic Characteristics
2.5. Attitude toward Healthy Nutrition Assessment
2.6. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
4. Discussion
Strengths and Limitations
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Control (n = 174) | Intervention (n = 170) | Total (n = 344) | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sex [male] | 65 (37.4%) | 63 (37.1%) | 128 (37.2%) | 0.954 1 |
Age [years] | 66.5 (62.7, 71.5) | 65.9 (63.2, 70.0) | 66.2 (62.9, 70.4) | 0.693 2 |
BMI [kg/m2] | 28.7 (25.6, 32.1) | 29.1 (25.7, 32.7) | 28.8 (25.6, 32.6) | 0.590 2 |
Education | 0.843 1 | |||
Secondary | 7 (4.0%) | 5 (3.0%) | 12 (3.5%) | |
Technical Course | 140 (80.5%) | 139 (82.2%) | 279 (81.3%) | |
University | 27 (15.5%) | 25 (14.8%) | 52 (15.2%) | |
N-Miss | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
Occupation | 0.574 1 | |||
Retired | 123 (70.7%) | 123 (73.7%) | 246 (72.1%) | |
Employed | 42 (24.1%) | 39 (23.4%) | 81 (23.8%) | |
(Temporary) unemployed | 9 (5.2%) | 5 (3.0%) | 14 (4.1%) | |
N-Miss | 0 | 3 | 3 | |
Annual income [Euros] | 0.012 1§ | |||
<15,000 | 30 (20.7%) | 15 (10.8%) | 45 (15.8%) | |
15–30,000 | 67 (46.2%) | 87 (62.6%) | 154 (54.2%) | |
>30,000 | 48 (33.1%) | 37 (26.6%) | 85 (29.9%) | |
N-Miss | 29 | 31 | 60 | |
Household status [shared] | 124 (71.3%) | 119 (70.0%) | 243 (70.6%) | 0.797 1 |
Nutritional sessions [%] * | 100.0 (100.0, 100.0) | 90.9 (81.8, 100.0) | 100.0 (81.8, 100.0) | |
Protein intake [%E] | 16.0 (14.4, 18.3) | 15.7 (13.7, 18.4) | 15.8 (13.9, 18.4) | 0.336 2 |
Fiber intake [g/d] | 22.1 (17.8, 27.3) | 21.8 (18.5, 27.8) | 21.9 (18.0, 27.7) | 0.657 2 |
MUFA intake [%E] | 13.0 (11.4, 15.2) | 12.8 (11.4, 14.8) | 12.9 (11.4, 15.1) | 0.404 2 |
PUFA intake [%E] | 5.8 (4.5, 7.7) | 5.8 (4.4, 7.1) | 5.8 (4.4, 7.5) | 0.814 2 |
SFA intake [%E] | 15.9 (13.5, 17.9) | 15.1 (12.8, 17.7) | 15.4 (13.2, 17.8) | 0.109 2 |
Carbohydrate intake [%E] | 39.8 (35.0, 44.9) | 41.4 (36.2, 45.4) | 40.6 (35.6, 45.1) | 0.141 2 |
Effectiveness | Appreciation | Practice | |
---|---|---|---|
Study arm | |||
Intervention (n = 170) | 20 (18, 22) | 16 (12, 20) | 17 (15, 19) |
Control (n = 174) | 20 (18, 23) | 15 (12, 20) | 16 (14, 19) |
Sex | |||
Female (n = 216) | 20 (18, 22) | 16 (12, 19) | 17 (15, 19) |
Male (n = 128) | 20 (18, 22) | 16 (11, 20) | 16 (15, 19) |
Education | |||
Secondary (n = 15) | 20 (18, 20) | 14 (9, 17) # | 16 (14, 21) |
Technical course (n = 279) | 20 (18, 23) | 15 (11, 19) # | 17 (15, 19) |
University (n = 52) | 19 (18, 21) | 19 (15, 21) # | 17 (16, 19) |
Occupation | |||
Retired (n = 246) | 20 (18, 23) | 16 (11, 20) | 17 (15, 19) $ |
Employed (n = 81) | 20 (18, 22) | 15 (13, 19) | 16 (13, 18) $ |
(Temporary) unemployed (n = 14) | 18 (16, 20) | 16 (8, 20) | 16 (14, 18) $ |
Income | |||
<15,000 (n = 45) | 20 (19, 23) | 14 (11, 20) | 16 (15, 18) § |
15–30,000 (n = 154) | 20 (18, 22) | 16 (12, 20) | 18 (15, 20) § |
>30,000 (n = 85) | 19 (17, 22) | 16 (12, 20) | 16 (14, 18) § |
Household status | |||
Living Alone (n = 101) | 20 (18, 23) | 16 (10, 20) | 17 (15, 19) |
Shared Household (n = 243) | 20 (18, 22) | 16 (12, 19) | 17 (15, 19) |
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Nguyen, T.H.; Pletsch-Borba, L.; Feindt, P.H.; Stokes, C.S.; Pohrt, A.; Meyer, N.M.T.; Wernicke, C.; Sommer-Ballarini, M.; Apostolopoulou, K.; Hornemann, S.; et al. The Effect of Individual Attitude toward Healthy Nutrition on Adherence to a High-UFA and High-Protein Diet: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2024, 16, 3044. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16173044
Nguyen TH, Pletsch-Borba L, Feindt PH, Stokes CS, Pohrt A, Meyer NMT, Wernicke C, Sommer-Ballarini M, Apostolopoulou K, Hornemann S, et al. The Effect of Individual Attitude toward Healthy Nutrition on Adherence to a High-UFA and High-Protein Diet: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients. 2024; 16(17):3044. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16173044
Chicago/Turabian StyleNguyen, Thu Huong, Laura Pletsch-Borba, Peter H. Feindt, Caroline S. Stokes, Anne Pohrt, Nina M. T. Meyer, Charlotte Wernicke, Miriam Sommer-Ballarini, Konstantina Apostolopoulou, Silke Hornemann, and et al. 2024. "The Effect of Individual Attitude toward Healthy Nutrition on Adherence to a High-UFA and High-Protein Diet: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial" Nutrients 16, no. 17: 3044. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16173044