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Open AccessSystematic Review
The Effects of Time-Restricted Eating on Fat Loss in Adults with Overweight and Obese Depend upon the Eating Window and Intervention Strategies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by
Yixun Xie
Yixun Xie 1,†,
Kaixiang Zhou
Kaixiang Zhou 2,†,
Zhangyuting Shang
Zhangyuting Shang 3,
Dapeng Bao
Dapeng Bao 4,* and
Junhong Zhou
Junhong Zhou 5
1
College of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
2
College of Physical Education and Health Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
3
College of Physical Education and Health Management, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400065, China
4
China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
5
Hebrew SeniorLife Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work and share first authorship.
Nutrients 2024, 16(19), 3390; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16193390 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 12 September 2024
/
Revised: 1 October 2024
/
Accepted: 2 October 2024
/
Published: 5 October 2024
Abstract
Time-restricted eating (TRE) is a circadian rhythm-based intermittent fasting intervention that has been used to treat obesity. However, the efficacy and safety of TRE for fat loss have not been comprehensively examined and the influences of TRE characteristics on such effects are unknown. This systematic review and meta-analysis comprehensively characterized the efficacy and safety of TRE for fat loss in adults with overweight and obese, and it explored the influence of TRE characteristics on this effect. Methods: A search strategy based on the PICOS principle was used to find relevant publications in seven databases. The outcomes were body composition, anthropometric indicators, and blood lipid metrics. Twenty publications (20 studies) with 1288 participants, covering the period from 2020 to 2024, were included. Results: Compared to the control group, TRE safely and significantly reduced body fat percentage, fat mass, lean mass, body mass, BMI, and waist circumference (MDpooled = −2.14 cm, 95% CI = −2.88~−1.40, p < 0.001), and increased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (MDpooled = 2.70, 95% CI = 0.17~5.22, p = 0.037), but it did not alter the total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides (MDpooled =−1.09~1.20 mg/dL, 95% CI −4.31~5.47, p > 0.05). Subgroup analyses showed that TRE only or TRE-caloric restriction with an eating window of 6 to 8 h may be appropriate for losing body fat and overall weight. Conclusions: This work provides moderate to high evidence that TRE is a promising dietary strategy for fat loss. Although it may potentially reduce lean mass and increase LDL, these effects do not pose significant safety concerns. This trial was registered with PROSPERO as CRD42023406329.
Share and Cite
MDPI and ACS Style
Xie, Y.; Zhou, K.; Shang, Z.; Bao, D.; Zhou, J.
The Effects of Time-Restricted Eating on Fat Loss in Adults with Overweight and Obese Depend upon the Eating Window and Intervention Strategies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2024, 16, 3390.
https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16193390
AMA Style
Xie Y, Zhou K, Shang Z, Bao D, Zhou J.
The Effects of Time-Restricted Eating on Fat Loss in Adults with Overweight and Obese Depend upon the Eating Window and Intervention Strategies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients. 2024; 16(19):3390.
https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16193390
Chicago/Turabian Style
Xie, Yixun, Kaixiang Zhou, Zhangyuting Shang, Dapeng Bao, and Junhong Zhou.
2024. "The Effects of Time-Restricted Eating on Fat Loss in Adults with Overweight and Obese Depend upon the Eating Window and Intervention Strategies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis" Nutrients 16, no. 19: 3390.
https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16193390
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