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Article

Twelve Weeks of Daily Lentil Consumption Improves Fasting Cholesterol and Postprandial Glucose and Inflammatory Responses—A Randomized Clinical Trial

1
Department of Food Systems, Nutrition, and Kinesiology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
2
United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA 95616, USA
3
Texas A&M, Institute for Advancing Health Through Agriculture, College Station, TX 77845, USA
4
Department of Human Ecology, SUNY Oneonta, Oneonta, NY 13820, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nutrients 2024, 16(3), 419; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16030419
Submission received: 6 January 2024 / Revised: 25 January 2024 / Accepted: 27 January 2024 / Published: 31 January 2024

Abstract

Lentils have potential to improve metabolic health but there are limited randomized clinical trials evaluating their comprehensive impact on metabolism. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of lentil-based vs. meat-based meals on fasting and postprandial measures of glucose and lipid metabolism and inflammation. Thirty-eight adults with an increased waist circumference (male ≥ 40 inches and female ≥ 35 inches) participated in a 12-week dietary intervention that included seven prepared midday meals totaling either 980 g (LEN) or 0 g (CON) of cooked green lentils per week. Linear models were used to assess changes in fasting and postprandial markers from pre- to post-intervention by meal group. Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms were assessed through a survey randomly delivered once per week during the intervention. We found that regular consumption of lentils lowered fasting LDL (F = 5.53, p = 0.02) and total cholesterol levels (F = 8.64, p < 0.01) as well as postprandial glucose (β = −0.99, p = 0.01), IL-17 (β = −0.68, p = 0.04), and IL-1β (β = −0.70, p = 0.03) responses. GI symptoms were not different by meal group and all symptoms were reported as “none” or “mild” for the duration of the intervention. Our results suggest that daily lentil consumption may be helpful in lowering cholesterol and postprandial glycemic and inflammatory responses without causing GI stress. This information further informs the development of pulse-based dietary strategies to lower disease risk and to slow or reverse metabolic disease progression in at-risk populations.
Keywords: dietary pulses; dietary fiber; postprandial period; metabolic disease dietary pulses; dietary fiber; postprandial period; metabolic disease

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MDPI and ACS Style

Chamberlin, M.L.; Wilson, S.M.G.; Gaston, M.E.; Kuo, W.-Y.; Miles, M.P. Twelve Weeks of Daily Lentil Consumption Improves Fasting Cholesterol and Postprandial Glucose and Inflammatory Responses—A Randomized Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2024, 16, 419. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16030419

AMA Style

Chamberlin ML, Wilson SMG, Gaston ME, Kuo W-Y, Miles MP. Twelve Weeks of Daily Lentil Consumption Improves Fasting Cholesterol and Postprandial Glucose and Inflammatory Responses—A Randomized Clinical Trial. Nutrients. 2024; 16(3):419. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16030419

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chamberlin, Morgan L., Stephanie M.G. Wilson, Marcy E. Gaston, Wan-Yuan Kuo, and Mary P. Miles. 2024. "Twelve Weeks of Daily Lentil Consumption Improves Fasting Cholesterol and Postprandial Glucose and Inflammatory Responses—A Randomized Clinical Trial" Nutrients 16, no. 3: 419. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16030419

APA Style

Chamberlin, M. L., Wilson, S. M. G., Gaston, M. E., Kuo, W.-Y., & Miles, M. P. (2024). Twelve Weeks of Daily Lentil Consumption Improves Fasting Cholesterol and Postprandial Glucose and Inflammatory Responses—A Randomized Clinical Trial. Nutrients, 16(3), 419. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16030419

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