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Article

Effectiveness of Millet–Pulse–Groundnut Based Formulations in Improving the Growth of Pre-School Tribal Children in Telangana State, India

International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad 502324, India
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Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nutrients 2024, 16(6), 819; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16060819
Submission received: 8 January 2024 / Revised: 4 February 2024 / Accepted: 6 February 2024 / Published: 13 March 2024
(This article belongs to the Section Pediatric Nutrition)

Highlights

What are the main findings?
  • Reduction in Wasting, Stunting, and Underweight: The Millet–Pulse–Groundnut-based nutri-food intervention reduced the number of Severely Wasting (Weight-for-Height) pre-school children by 72.7%; Severely Stunting (Height-for-Age) pre-school children by 87.5; and Severely Underweight (Weight-for-Age) pre-school children by 94.7% among the tribal community in Telangana, India. The study underscored the positive impact of the Millet–Pulse–Groundnut-based nutri-food intervention on the children’s health parameters.
  • Increased micronutrient bioavailability and dietary diversity: The formulation of malted millet–pulse–groundnut products improved the digestibility of carbohydrates and proteins, increasing the bioavailability of micronutrients.
What is the implication of the main finding?
  • The success of the Millet–Pulse–Groundnut-based nutritional intervention highlights the effectiveness of using nutrient-dense, locally available millet-based food products to combat growth-related undernutrition in pre-school-aged children in underdeveloped tribal regions.
  • The study emphasizes the need to expand school nutri-food interventions through targeted government programs, which could help achieve both national and global nutrition targets. Integrating millet into school feeding programs and public health initiatives can significantly enhance the health and development of children, especially in undernourished populations. This approach provides a sustainable and scalable solution to childhood malnutrition.
  • Governments and policymakers can enhance existing food systems by supporting millet production and consumption through agricultural policies, public distribution systems, and market linkages. This ensures that nutrient-dense foods like millet are accessible to vulnerable populations, thereby improving food security and nutrition outcomes on a larger scale.

Abstract

A community-level nutritional intervention was implemented among tribal children (3 to 6 years of age) in Telangana, India. The one-year intervention involved six nutrient-rich formulations of millet–pulse–groundnut-based products suited to local taste preferences. Anthropometric measurements of height, weight, and mid-upper-arm circumference (MUAC) along with haemoglobin (Hb) levels were monitored at baseline and endline. The treatment group showed considerable gains in height (3.2 cm), weight (1.68 kg), and MUAC (0.33 cm) over the control group. The paired t-test indicated significant differences (p < 0.01) between the pre- and post-intervention anthropometric measurements. Positive shifts were observed in terms of wasting (WHZ; −1.2 ± 1.3 to −0.9 ± 1), stunting (HAZ; −1.8 ± 1.6 to −0.3 ± 1.3), and underweight (WAZ; −1.9 ± 1.2 to −0.7 ± 1) in the treatment group. The Hb levels in the treatment group also improved significantly from 9.70 ± 0.14 g/dL (moderately anaemic) to 11.08 ± 0.13 g/dL (non-anaemic). Post-intervention focus group discussions (FGDs) involving mothers and teachers confirmed these positive impacts. Thus, a nutritional intervention formulated using climate-resilient millets, pulses, and groundnuts promotes dietary diversity and improves the nutrition and health statuses of children.
Keywords: nutrition intervention; millets; sorghum; ready-to-eat food; ready-to-cook food; pre-school children nutrition intervention; millets; sorghum; ready-to-eat food; ready-to-cook food; pre-school children
Graphical Abstract

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Saikat, D.M.; Victor, A.-S.; Aravazhi, S.; Priyanka, D.; Anitha, S.; Tamilselvi, N.; Divya Nancy, G.; Harshvardhan, M.; Suchiradipta, B.; Nedumaran, S.; et al. Effectiveness of Millet–Pulse–Groundnut Based Formulations in Improving the Growth of Pre-School Tribal Children in Telangana State, India. Nutrients 2024, 16, 819. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16060819

AMA Style

Saikat DM, Victor A-S, Aravazhi S, Priyanka D, Anitha S, Tamilselvi N, Divya Nancy G, Harshvardhan M, Suchiradipta B, Nedumaran S, et al. Effectiveness of Millet–Pulse–Groundnut Based Formulations in Improving the Growth of Pre-School Tribal Children in Telangana State, India. Nutrients. 2024; 16(6):819. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16060819

Chicago/Turabian Style

Saikat, Datta Mazumdar, Afari-Sefa Victor, Selvaraj Aravazhi, Durgalla Priyanka, Seetha Anitha, Nedumaran Tamilselvi, Gaddam Divya Nancy, Mane Harshvardhan, Bhattacharjee Suchiradipta, Swamikannu Nedumaran, and et al. 2024. "Effectiveness of Millet–Pulse–Groundnut Based Formulations in Improving the Growth of Pre-School Tribal Children in Telangana State, India" Nutrients 16, no. 6: 819. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16060819

APA Style

Saikat, D. M., Victor, A.-S., Aravazhi, S., Priyanka, D., Anitha, S., Tamilselvi, N., Divya Nancy, G., Harshvardhan, M., Suchiradipta, B., Nedumaran, S., Anitha, R., Roopa, B., Jyosthnaa, P., & Disha, B. (2024). Effectiveness of Millet–Pulse–Groundnut Based Formulations in Improving the Growth of Pre-School Tribal Children in Telangana State, India. Nutrients, 16(6), 819. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16060819

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