Vitamin D Deficiency Exacerbates Poor Sleep Outcomes with Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals Exposure: A Large American Population Study

Zhou, Ruiqi; Chen, Zhongwen; Yang, Tingting; Gu, Huiwen; Yang, Xiaohong; Cheng, Shuqun

doi:10.3390/nu16091291

Open AccessArticle

Vitamin D Deficiency Exacerbates Poor Sleep Outcomes with Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals Exposure: A Large American Population Study

by

Ruiqi Zhou

^†

,

Zhongwen Chen

^†

,

Tingting Yang

^†,

Huiwen Gu

,

Xiaohong Yang

and

Shuqun Cheng

^*

Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

^†

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Nutrients 2024, 16(9), 1291; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16091291

Submission received: 7 April 2024 / Revised: 22 April 2024 / Accepted: 23 April 2024 / Published: 26 April 2024

(This article belongs to the Section Micronutrients and Human Health)

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Abstract

Phthalates and bisphenol A are recognized as the predominant endocrine-disrupting substances (EDCs) in the environment, but their impact on sleep health remains unclear. Vitamin D has often been reported to play a role in sleep health and may be affected by endocrine-disrupting compounds. The study utilized data from 5476 individuals in the NHANES project to investigate the correlation between combined exposure to environmental EDCs and sleep duration through modeling various exposures. Furthermore, it emphasizes the importance of vitamin D in the present scenario. Preliminary analyses suggested that vitamin D-deficient individuals generally slept shorter than individuals with normal vitamin D (p < 0.05). Exposure to Mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP), triclosan (TRS), and Mono-benzyl phthalate (MZP), either alone or in combination, was associated with reduced sleep duration and a greater risk of vitamin D deficiency. Individuals with low vitamin D levels exposed to TRS experienced shorter sleep duration than those with normal vitamin D levels (p < 0.05). TRS and MZP were identified as crucial factors in patient outcomes when evaluating mixed exposures (p < 0.05). The results provide new data supporting a link between exposure to EDCs and insufficient sleep length. Additionally, they imply that a vitamin D shortage may worsen the sleep problems induced by EDCs.

Keywords: vitamin D; sleep; environmental endocrine disruptors; NHANES

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MDPI and ACS Style

Zhou, R.; Chen, Z.; Yang, T.; Gu, H.; Yang, X.; Cheng, S. Vitamin D Deficiency Exacerbates Poor Sleep Outcomes with Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals Exposure: A Large American Population Study. Nutrients 2024, 16, 1291. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16091291

AMA Style

Zhou R, Chen Z, Yang T, Gu H, Yang X, Cheng S. Vitamin D Deficiency Exacerbates Poor Sleep Outcomes with Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals Exposure: A Large American Population Study. Nutrients. 2024; 16(9):1291. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16091291

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhou, Ruiqi, Zhongwen Chen, Tingting Yang, Huiwen Gu, Xiaohong Yang, and Shuqun Cheng. 2024. "Vitamin D Deficiency Exacerbates Poor Sleep Outcomes with Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals Exposure: A Large American Population Study" Nutrients 16, no. 9: 1291. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16091291

APA Style

Zhou, R., Chen, Z., Yang, T., Gu, H., Yang, X., & Cheng, S. (2024). Vitamin D Deficiency Exacerbates Poor Sleep Outcomes with Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals Exposure: A Large American Population Study. Nutrients, 16(9), 1291. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16091291

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Vitamin D Deficiency Exacerbates Poor Sleep Outcomes with Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals Exposure: A Large American Population Study

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