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Nutrients
Volume 16
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10.3390/nu16091336
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Article

Assessing Performance of Contemporary Plant-Based Diets against the UK Dietary Guidelines: Findings from the Feeding the Future (FEED) Study

by
Izabella Lawson
1,
Caroline Wood
2,
Nandana Syam
3,
Holly Rippin
4,
Selina Dagless
4,
Kremlin Wickramasinghe
4,
Birdem Amoutzopoulos
5,
Toni Steer
5,
Timothy J. Key
1 and
Keren Papier
1,*
1
Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
2
Public Affairs & Communications Directorate, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, UK
3
Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
4
Special Initiative on NCDs and Innovation, World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
5
MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SL, UK
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nutrients 2024, 16(9), 1336; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16091336
Submission received: 29 March 2024 / Revised: 12 April 2024 / Accepted: 20 April 2024 / Published: 29 April 2024
(This article belongs to the Section Nutrition Methodology & Assessment)
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Abstract

Uncertainty remains about the composition of contemporary plant-based diets and whether they provide recommended nutrient intakes. We established Feeding the Future (FEED), an up-to-date online cohort of UK adults following different plant-based diets and diets containing meat and fish. We recruited 6342 participants aged 18–99 [omnivores (1562), flexitarians (1349), pescatarians (568), vegetarians (1292), and vegans (1571)] between February 2022 and December 2023, and measured diet using a food frequency questionnaire and free text. We compared personal characteristics and dietary intakes between diet groups and assessed compliance with dietary guidelines. Most participants met UK dietary recommendations for fruit and vegetables, sodium, and protein, although protein intakes were lowest among vegetarians and vegans. Omnivores did not meet the fibre recommendation and only vegans met the saturated fat recommendation. All diet groups exceeded the free sugars recommendation. Higher proportions of vegetarians and vegans were below the estimated average requirements (EARs) for zinc, iodine, selenium, and, in vegans, vitamins A and B12, whereas calcium intakes were similar across the diet groups. People following plant-based diets showed good compliance with most dietary targets, and their risk for inadequate intakes of certain nutrients might be mitigated by improved dietary choices and/or food fortification.
Keywords: vegetarians; vegans; flexitarians; plant-based; diet; cohort; dietary guidelines; nutrients vegetarians; vegans; flexitarians; plant-based; diet; cohort; dietary guidelines; nutrients

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MDPI and ACS Style

Lawson, I.; Wood, C.; Syam, N.; Rippin, H.; Dagless, S.; Wickramasinghe, K.; Amoutzopoulos, B.; Steer, T.; Key, T.J.; Papier, K. Assessing Performance of Contemporary Plant-Based Diets against the UK Dietary Guidelines: Findings from the Feeding the Future (FEED) Study. Nutrients 2024, 16, 1336. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16091336

AMA Style

Lawson I, Wood C, Syam N, Rippin H, Dagless S, Wickramasinghe K, Amoutzopoulos B, Steer T, Key TJ, Papier K. Assessing Performance of Contemporary Plant-Based Diets against the UK Dietary Guidelines: Findings from the Feeding the Future (FEED) Study. Nutrients. 2024; 16(9):1336. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16091336

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lawson, Izabella, Caroline Wood, Nandana Syam, Holly Rippin, Selina Dagless, Kremlin Wickramasinghe, Birdem Amoutzopoulos, Toni Steer, Timothy J. Key, and Keren Papier. 2024. "Assessing Performance of Contemporary Plant-Based Diets against the UK Dietary Guidelines: Findings from the Feeding the Future (FEED) Study" Nutrients 16, no. 9: 1336. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16091336

APA Style

Lawson, I., Wood, C., Syam, N., Rippin, H., Dagless, S., Wickramasinghe, K., Amoutzopoulos, B., Steer, T., Key, T. J., & Papier, K. (2024). Assessing Performance of Contemporary Plant-Based Diets against the UK Dietary Guidelines: Findings from the Feeding the Future (FEED) Study. Nutrients, 16(9), 1336. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16091336

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