Effects of cis-9,trans-11 and trans-10,cis-12 Conjugated Linoleic Acid, Linoleic Acid, Phytanic Acid and the Combination of Various Fatty Acids on Proliferation and Cytokine Expression of Bovine Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Sample Preparation
2.2. Cell Culture Conditions and Cell Proliferation Assays
2.3. RNA Isolation and cDNA Synthesis
2.4. Quantitative Real Time PCR
Gene | Forward (for) and reverse (rev) primer sequences (5′→3′) | concentration (nM) | Bp a | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
IL-4 | for GCC ACA CGT GCT TGA ACA AA | 900 | 63 | [24] |
rev TGC TTG CCA AGC TGT TGA GA | 50 | |||
IL-10 | for CCT TGT CGG AAA TGA TCC AGT TTT | 300 | 67 | [24] |
rev TCA GGC CCG TGG TTC TCA | 300 | |||
IL-12 | for TGG TCG TTT CCT GGT TTT CC | 300 | 205 | novel design (Accession No. NM 174356.1) |
rev GTT TTG CCA GAG CCC AAG AC | 300 | |||
INF-γ | for TTC AGA GCC AAA TTG TCT CCT TC | 300 | 205 | [25] modified form |
rev AGT TCA TTT ATG GCT TTG CGC TG | 50 | |||
TNF-α | for CTT CTG CCT GCT GCA CTT CG | 300 | 156 | [26] |
rev GAG TTG ATG TCG GCT ACA ACG | 300 | |||
PPAR-γ | for AAG AAT ATC CCC GGC TTT GT | 300 | 200 | novel design (Accession No. NM 181024) |
rev TTG GGC TCC ATA AAG TCA CC | 300 |
2.5. Calculations and Statistics
3. Results
3.1. Dose Response Studies
3.2. Fatty Acid Combinations
3.3. Cytokine and PPAR-γ mRNA Expression
Treatment | ConA | IL-4 | IL-10 | TNF-α | IFN-γ | PPAR-γ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DMSO | – | 26,852 ± 3032 | 6201±1083 | 1039 ± 419 | 5181 ± 5759 | 4881 ± 790 |
+ | 22,984 ± 4567 | 3808 ± 1765 | 4969 ± 1640 | 109,082 ± 56,582 a | 3514 ± 1022 a,b | |
Medium | – | 28,825 ± 5887 | 6700 ± 1848 | 900 ± 237 | 3617 ± 3273 | 4978 ± 565 |
+ | 26,714 ± 3416 | 3719 ± 827 * | 8509 ± 4635 * | 295,989 ±167,635 b,* | 3907 ± 694 a,b | |
IC50 LA | – | 23,941 ± 4335 | 5312 ± 994 | 370 ± 145 | 613 ± 570 | 4019 ± 739 |
+ | 34,703 ± 7345 | 4146 ± 1362 | 10,194 ± 5630 * | 242,302 ± 126,184 a,b,* | 3454 ± 365 a,b | |
77 µM LA | – | 25,845 ± 1695 | 5635 ± 401 | 506 ± 179 | 1809 ± 1570 | 4547 ± 467 |
+ | 28,348 ± 15,180 | 3520 ± 1019 | 9683 ± 7214 | 204,490 ± 159,761 a,b | 2820 ± 635 a | |
IC50 cis-9,trans-11 | – | 32,230 ± 4300 | 7245 ± 866 | 588 ± 87 | 743 ± 648 | 5507 ± 1203 |
+ | 32,640 ± 1566 | 5504 ± 1085 | 8957 ± 4128 | 97,534 ± 16,261 a,b | 4641 ± 859 a,b | |
77 µM cis-9,trans-11 | – | 29,684 ± 3774 | 6917 ± 617 | 511 ± 58 | 430 ± 319 | 5254 ± 712 |
+ | 31,867 ± 7269 | 5252 ± 349 | 8046 ± 4588 | 68,327 ± 28,935 a | 5288 ± 439 b | |
p-value | 0.182 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Conflict of Interest
References
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Renner, L.; Kersten, S.; Duevel, A.; Schuberth, H.-J.; Dänicke, S. Effects of cis-9,trans-11 and trans-10,cis-12 Conjugated Linoleic Acid, Linoleic Acid, Phytanic Acid and the Combination of Various Fatty Acids on Proliferation and Cytokine Expression of Bovine Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. Nutrients 2013, 5, 2667-2683. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu5072667
Renner L, Kersten S, Duevel A, Schuberth H-J, Dänicke S. Effects of cis-9,trans-11 and trans-10,cis-12 Conjugated Linoleic Acid, Linoleic Acid, Phytanic Acid and the Combination of Various Fatty Acids on Proliferation and Cytokine Expression of Bovine Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. Nutrients. 2013; 5(7):2667-2683. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu5072667
Chicago/Turabian StyleRenner, Lydia, Susanne Kersten, Anna Duevel, Hans-Joachim Schuberth, and Sven Dänicke. 2013. "Effects of cis-9,trans-11 and trans-10,cis-12 Conjugated Linoleic Acid, Linoleic Acid, Phytanic Acid and the Combination of Various Fatty Acids on Proliferation and Cytokine Expression of Bovine Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells" Nutrients 5, no. 7: 2667-2683. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu5072667