Prebiotics Modulate the Effects of Antibiotics on Gut Microbial Diversity and Functioning in Vitro
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Faecal Sample Preparation
2.2. Batch Culture Fermentation
2.3. DNA Extraction and 16S Sequencing
2.4. SCFA Analyses
2.5. PYY Release Assays
2.6. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Starting Composition
3.2. Changes in Bacterial Abundance
Response Variable | Explanatory Term | Sum Squares | Mean Squares | Degrees of Freedom | F | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total bacteria | Diet | 0.159 | 0.079 | 2.22 | 3.86 | 0.0365 |
Antibiotic | 0.239 | 0.120 | 2.22 | 5.81 | 0.0094 | |
Time | 0.087 | 0.044 | 2.75 | 2.12 | 0.1274 | |
Antibiotic:Time | 0.377 | 0.094 | 4.75 | 4.58 | 0.0023 | |
Bacteroides | Diet | 0.668 | 0.334 | 2.27 | 6.34 | 0.0055 |
Antibiotic | 1.006 | 0.503 | 2.27 | 9.54 | 0.0007 | |
Time | 1.949 | 0.975 | 2.81 | 18.48 | <0.0001 | |
Diet:Antibiotic | 0.355 | 0.089 | 4.27 | 1.68 | 0.1826 | |
Diet:Time | 1.399 | 0.350 | 4.81 | 6.63 | 0.0001 | |
Antibiotic:Time | 0.730 | 0.183 | 4.81 | 3.46 | 0.0116 | |
Diet:Antibiotic:Time | 1.954 | 0.244 | 8.81 | 4.63 | 0.0001 | |
Bifidobacterium | Diet | 0.048 | 0.024 | 2.27 | 0.70 | 0.5043 |
Antibiotic | 0.156 | 0.078 | 2.27 | 2.29 | 0.1202 | |
Time | 0.291 | 0.097 | 3.81 | 2.85 | 0.0423 | |
Diet:Antibiotic | 0.087 | 0.022 | 4.27 | 0.64 | 0.6381 | |
Diet:Time | 0.438 | 0.073 | 6.81 | 2.15 | 0.0565 | |
Antibiotic:Time | 0.957 | 0.160 | 6.81 | 4.70 | 0.0004 | |
Diet:Antibiotic:Time | 1.100 | 0.092 | 12.81 | 2.70 | 0.0041 |
3.3. Taxonomic Composition
3.4. Short Chain Fatty Acids
3.5. Effect of Microbial Abundance and Composition on SCFA Production
3.6. PYY
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Files
Supplementary File 1Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Johnson, L.P.; Walton, G.E.; Psichas, A.; Frost, G.S.; Gibson, G.R.; Barraclough, T.G. Prebiotics Modulate the Effects of Antibiotics on Gut Microbial Diversity and Functioning in Vitro. Nutrients 2015, 7, 4480-4497. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu7064480
Johnson LP, Walton GE, Psichas A, Frost GS, Gibson GR, Barraclough TG. Prebiotics Modulate the Effects of Antibiotics on Gut Microbial Diversity and Functioning in Vitro. Nutrients. 2015; 7(6):4480-4497. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu7064480
Chicago/Turabian StyleJohnson, Laura P., Gemma E. Walton, Arianna Psichas, Gary S. Frost, Glenn R. Gibson, and Timothy G. Barraclough. 2015. "Prebiotics Modulate the Effects of Antibiotics on Gut Microbial Diversity and Functioning in Vitro" Nutrients 7, no. 6: 4480-4497. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu7064480