Current Hypothesis for the Relationship between Dietary Rice Bran Intake, the Intestinal Microbiota and Colorectal Cancer Prevention
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Evidence for the Link between Intestinal Microbiota and CRC
2.1. Composition of Intestinal Microbiota Is Implicated in CRC Risks
2.2. Current Evidence on the Mechanisms of How Microbial Dysbiosis Can Induce CRC
2.2.1. Inflammation
2.2.2. Induction of DNA Damage
2.3. Dietary Rice Bran Intake, Promotion of a Healthy Intestinal Microbiota, and Protection against CRC
3. Research into Link between Rice Bran and CRC Prevention: What Next?
4. Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Subject of Study | Bacterial Phyla/Genera/Species Involved | Nature of Bacteria | Main Findings | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mouse | Lactobacillus | Health-promoting | Mice exhibited a 500% increase in lactobacilli colonisation after 11 days of rice bran intake. | Henderson et al., 2012 [67] |
Mouse | Lactobacillus | Health-promoting | Mice fed with rice bran exhibit a 170-fold increase in faecal Lactobacilli. | Kumar et al., 2012 [68] |
Mouse | Lactobacillus | Health-promoting | A significant increase in the occupational ratio of lactobacillales in mice fed with rice bran oil. | Tamura et al., 2012 [70] |
Pig | Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Escherichia coli Nissle | Health-promoting | 104–105 increase in the numbers of the studied bacterial species from the intestine of pigs fed with rice bran for 30 days. | Yang et al., 2015 [72] |
Rat | Clostridium | Pathogenic | Intake of enzyme-treated rice fibre, a product derived from rice bran through enzymatic treatment, significantly suppressed the growth of Clostridium in rat intestines. | Komiyama et al., 2011 [73] |
Human | Bifidobacterium sp Ruminococcus bromii Ruminococcus flavefaciens | Health-promoting | Significant increases in levels of the studied bacterial species from the stool samples of human subjects taking rice bran for 2 or 4 weeks. | Sheflin et al., 2015 [74] |
Human | Firmicutes Bacteroidetes | Not applicable | Decreased Firmicutes-Bacteroidetes ratio in the intestine of CRC survivors upon the intake of rice bran for 14 days, at a dose of 30 g per day. | Sheflin et al., 2016 [77] |
Human | Blautia | Health-promoting | An increase in faecal abundance of Blautia upon the intake of brown rice for four weeks among human subjects, at a dose of 60 g per day. An increase in their Firmicutes-Bacteroidetes ratio was also observed as a result of the intervention. | Martínez et al., 2013 [80] |
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So, W.K.W.; Law, B.M.H.; Law, P.T.W.; Chan, C.W.H.; Chair, S.Y. Current Hypothesis for the Relationship between Dietary Rice Bran Intake, the Intestinal Microbiota and Colorectal Cancer Prevention. Nutrients 2016, 8, 569. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8090569
So WKW, Law BMH, Law PTW, Chan CWH, Chair SY. Current Hypothesis for the Relationship between Dietary Rice Bran Intake, the Intestinal Microbiota and Colorectal Cancer Prevention. Nutrients. 2016; 8(9):569. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8090569
Chicago/Turabian StyleSo, Winnie K. W., Bernard M. H. Law, Patrick T. W. Law, Carmen W. H. Chan, and Sek Ying Chair. 2016. "Current Hypothesis for the Relationship between Dietary Rice Bran Intake, the Intestinal Microbiota and Colorectal Cancer Prevention" Nutrients 8, no. 9: 569. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8090569