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Review

Role of Vitamin A/Retinoic Acid in Regulation of Embryonic and Adult Hematopoiesis

1
Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Malaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n Malaga 29071, Spain and Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology (BIONAND), Severo Ochoa 25, Campanillas 29590, Spain
2
Max-Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert Roessle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nutrients 2017, 9(2), 159; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9020159
Submission received: 23 October 2016 / Revised: 5 February 2017 / Accepted: 16 February 2017 / Published: 20 February 2017
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vitamin A Update 2016)

Abstract

Vitamin A is an essential micronutrient throughout life. Its physiologically active metabolite retinoic acid (RA), acting through nuclear retinoic acid receptors (RARs), is a potent regulator of patterning during embryonic development, as well as being necessary for adult tissue homeostasis. Vitamin A deficiency during pregnancy increases risk of maternal night blindness and anemia and may be a cause of congenital malformations. Childhood Vitamin A deficiency can cause xerophthalmia, lower resistance to infection and increased risk of mortality. RA signaling appears to be essential for expression of genes involved in developmental hematopoiesis, regulating the endothelial/blood cells balance in the yolk sac, promoting the hemogenic program in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros area and stimulating eryrthropoiesis in fetal liver by activating the expression of erythropoietin. In adults, RA signaling regulates differentiation of granulocytes and enhances erythropoiesis. Vitamin A may facilitate iron absorption and metabolism to prevent anemia and plays a key role in mucosal immune responses, modulating the function of regulatory T cells. Furthermore, defective RA/RARα signaling is involved in the pathogenesis of acute promyelocytic leukemia due to a failure in differentiation of promyelocytes. This review focuses on the different roles played by vitamin A/RA signaling in physiological and pathological mouse hematopoiesis duddurring both, embryonic and adult life, and the consequences of vitamin A deficiency for the blood system.
Keywords: vitamin A; retinoic acid; hematopoiesis; embryos; leukemia; vitamin A deficiency vitamin A; retinoic acid; hematopoiesis; embryos; leukemia; vitamin A deficiency

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MDPI and ACS Style

Cañete, A.; Cano, E.; Muñoz-Chápuli, R.; Carmona, R. Role of Vitamin A/Retinoic Acid in Regulation of Embryonic and Adult Hematopoiesis. Nutrients 2017, 9, 159. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9020159

AMA Style

Cañete A, Cano E, Muñoz-Chápuli R, Carmona R. Role of Vitamin A/Retinoic Acid in Regulation of Embryonic and Adult Hematopoiesis. Nutrients. 2017; 9(2):159. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9020159

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cañete, Ana, Elena Cano, Ramón Muñoz-Chápuli, and Rita Carmona. 2017. "Role of Vitamin A/Retinoic Acid in Regulation of Embryonic and Adult Hematopoiesis" Nutrients 9, no. 2: 159. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9020159

APA Style

Cañete, A., Cano, E., Muñoz-Chápuli, R., & Carmona, R. (2017). Role of Vitamin A/Retinoic Acid in Regulation of Embryonic and Adult Hematopoiesis. Nutrients, 9(2), 159. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9020159

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