The Effect of Regular Intake of Dry-Cured Ham Rich in Bioactive Peptides on Inflammation, Platelet and Monocyte Activation Markers in Humans
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Ethics Statement
2.2. Study Design and Subjects
2.3. Meat Products
2.4. Blood Sampling and Biochemical Determinations
2.5. Flow Cytometry
2.6. Plasma Markers
2.7. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Plasmatic Markers
3.2. Effect on Platelet Activation
3.3. Effect on Monocytes Markers
4. Discussion
Limitations
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
ACE | Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme |
ADP | Adenosine diphosphate |
BMI | Body Mass Index |
BP | Blood Pressure |
CAD | Coronary artery Disease |
CVD | Cardiovascular Disease |
FSC/SSC | Forward-scattered light/Side-scattered light |
hsIL6 | high-sensitivity Interleukin 6 |
ICAM-1 | Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 |
MCP-1 | Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 |
MIF | Mean Fluorescence Intensity |
Mon | Monocyte |
SDF1 | Stromal Derived Factor-1 |
TLR4 | Toll-Like Receptor 4 |
VCAM-1 | Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 |
UCAM | Catholic University of Murcia |
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Active Biopeptides | Dry-Cured Ham | Cooked Ham |
---|---|---|
KAAAAP | Identified | N.D. |
AAPLAP | Identified | N.D. |
KPVAAP | Identified | N.D. |
VPPAK | Identified | N.D. |
KPGRP | Identified | N.D. |
IAGRP | N.D. | N.D. |
PAAPPK | Identified | N.D. |
TGLKP | N.D. | N.D. |
AAATP | Identified | N.D. |
KAAAATP | N.D. | N.D. |
n = 38 | Volunteers |
---|---|
Age | 44.3 ± 5.3 |
Gender (male) | 82% |
BMI, (kg/m2) | 27.02 ± 3.9 |
Fat content, % | 25.08 ± 7.3 |
Systolic BP, mmHg | 137.4 ± 10.6 |
Diastolic BP, mmHg | 80.0 ± 5.8 |
n = 38 | Period of Intervention | Mean Difference | Confidence Interval | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Low 95% | Upp 95% | ||||
Plasmatic markers, ELISA | |||||
P-selectin, ng/mL | (1) Dry-cured | −5.00 | −8.19 | −1.80 | 0.003513 |
(2) Control | −1.31 | −4.60 | 2.10 | 0.461629 | |
(1)–(2) | −3.69 | −7.36 | 0.02 | 0.062522 | |
VCAM-1, ng/mL | (1) Dry-cured | 3.23 | −17.97 | 24.42 | 0.769504 |
(2) Control | 3.41 | −19.33 | 26.15 | 0.772709 | |
(1)–(2) | −0.19 | −25.61 | 25.24 | 0.988745 | |
MCP-1, pg/mL | (1) Dry-cured | 5.45 | −8.35 | 19.25 | 0.448144 |
(2) Control | −14.39 | −29.20 | 0.42 | 0.064524 | |
(1)–(2) | 19.84 | 3.28 | 36.40 | 0.023489 | |
hs-IL6, pg/mL | (1) Dry-cured | −0.60 | −1.15 | −0.05 | 0.037294 |
(2) Control | −0.39 | −0.96 | 0.19 | 0.199947 | |
(1)–(2) | −0.52 | −0.77 | −0.04 | 0.049448 |
n = 21 | Baseline (before Dry-Cured Ham) | Mean Difference | Confidence Interval | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Low 95% | Upp 95% | ||||
Platelet activation markers | |||||
P-selectin expression, MFI | 492.67 | −55.24 | −76.32 | −34.16 | 0.0000272 |
PAC-1 binding, MFI | 426.12 | 15.18 | −26.33 | 56.68 | 0.447 |
Monocyte activation markers (n = 21) | |||||
Mon1_ICAM-1R, MFI | 3799.22 | 552.94 | −484.15 | 1590.03 | 0.275 |
Mon2_ICAM-1R, MFI | 6325.33 | −49.33 | −989.93 | 891.26 | 0.912 |
Mon3_ICAM-1R, MFI | 4579.78 | 1114.66 | −113.87 | 2343.20 | 0.072 |
Mon1_VCAM-1R, MFI | 672.70 | 643.25 | 222.89 | 1063.61 | 0.00480 |
Mon2_VCAM-1R, MFI | 1243.75 | 3022.30 | 1453.88 | 4590.72 | 0.00075 |
Mon3_VCAM-1R, MFI | 2048.55 | 1917.80 | 397.35 | 3438.25 | 0.01629 |
Mon1_CXCR4, MFI | 1152.70 | 1019.90 | 545.43 | 1494.38 | 0.0000713 * |
Mon2_CXCR4, MFI | 2415.00 | 4244.17 | 1313.45 | 7174.89 | 0.0002603 * |
Mon3_CXCR4, MFI | 2215.55 | 9601.76 | 1498.90 | 17,704.61 | 0.0002743 * |
Mon1_CD163, MFI | 1376.20 | 340.70 | −70.88 | 752.28 | 0.098 |
Mon2_CD163, MFI | 1838.90 | 164.94 | −392.83 | 722.70 | 0.540 |
Mon3_CD163, MFI | 2606.90 | −1016.48 | −1325.88 | −707.08 | 0.0000024 |
Mon1_TLR4, MFI | 1050.57 | 261.05 | −44.91 | 567.00 | 0.0411524 * |
Mon2_TLR4, MFI | 1915.72 | 2061.10 | 52.87 | 4069.33 | 0.0239622 * |
Mon3_TLR4, MFI | 1611.00 | 3266.19 | 468.86 | 6063.52 | 0.0082297 * |
Mon1_IL6R, MFI | 576.45 | −24.60 | −85.34 | 36.14 | 0.406 |
Mon2_IL6R, MFI | 1186.40 | −332.05 | −674.78 | 10.68 | 0.0568 |
Mon3_IL6R, MFI | 3820.70 | −1475.70 | −2074.37 | −877.03 | 0.0000632 |
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Martínez-Sánchez, S.M.; Minguela, A.; Prieto-Merino, D.; Zafrilla-Rentero, M.P.; Abellán-Alemán, J.; Montoro-García, S. The Effect of Regular Intake of Dry-Cured Ham Rich in Bioactive Peptides on Inflammation, Platelet and Monocyte Activation Markers in Humans. Nutrients 2017, 9, 321. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9040321
Martínez-Sánchez SM, Minguela A, Prieto-Merino D, Zafrilla-Rentero MP, Abellán-Alemán J, Montoro-García S. The Effect of Regular Intake of Dry-Cured Ham Rich in Bioactive Peptides on Inflammation, Platelet and Monocyte Activation Markers in Humans. Nutrients. 2017; 9(4):321. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9040321
Chicago/Turabian StyleMartínez-Sánchez, Sara María, Alfredo Minguela, David Prieto-Merino, María Pilar Zafrilla-Rentero, José Abellán-Alemán, and Silvia Montoro-García. 2017. "The Effect of Regular Intake of Dry-Cured Ham Rich in Bioactive Peptides on Inflammation, Platelet and Monocyte Activation Markers in Humans" Nutrients 9, no. 4: 321. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9040321