Comparisons of the Postprandial Inflammatory and Endotoxaemic Responses to Mixed Meals in Young and Older Individuals: A Randomised Trial
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Subject Selection
2.2. Study Design and Treatments
2.3. Study Procedures
2.4. Chylomicron Isolation
2.5. PBMC Isolation and RNA Extraction
2.6. Quantitative Real-Time Reverse-Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) Analysis
2.7. Biochemical Analysis
2.8. Endotoxin Analysis
2.9. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Subject Characteristics
3.2. Postprandial Endotoxaemia
3.3. PBMC Senescence RNA Expression
3.4. PBMC RNA Expression of Endotoxaemic Activation
3.5. PBMC RNA Expression of Activation by Lipoproteins
3.6. PBMC Inflammatory Cytokine Gene Expression
3.7. PBMC RNA Expression of Oxidative Stress Response
3.8. Cytokine and Antioxidant Protein Expression
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Item Name | Weight (g) | Macronutrients (g) 1 | Energy (kcal) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Carbohydrates | Fat | Protein | |||
High fat breakfast | |||||
Sausage and Egg Muffin Sandwich (×2) | 162 | 25.2 | 21 | 23.4 | 390 |
Hash Brown (×2) | 56 | 13.5 | 10.1 | 1.5 | 150 |
Total | 77.4 | 62.2 | 49.8 | 1080 | |
Low fat breakfast | |||||
Rolled Oats | 37 | 20.8 | 1.9 | 5.0 | 120 |
1% Cottage Cheese | 167 | 4.5 | 1.0 | 19.7 | 110 |
Mixed Grain Bread | 42 | 11.2 | 2.2 | 5.1 | 90 |
Reduced Fat Peanut Butter, Smooth | 25 | 8.4 | 9.4 | 4.4 | 140 |
Fresh Peach | 154 | 14.6 | 0.3 | 1.4 | 60 |
Trim Milk | 365 | 17.9 | 1.8 | 14.2 | 150 |
Total | 77.4 | 16.6 | 49.8 | 670 |
Measure 1 | Unit | Younger Subjects (n = 15) 2 | Older Subjects (n = 15) 2,3 |
---|---|---|---|
Age | years | 22.7 ± 0.4 | 67.3 ± 1.5 *** |
BMI | kg/m2 | 23.7 ± 0.8 | 24.4 ± 1.0 |
Glucose | mmol/L | 5.1 ± 0.1 | 5.2 ± 0.1 |
HOMA-IR | 2.1 ± 0.2 | 1.9 ± 0.2 | |
Cholesterol | mmol/L | 4.0 ± 0.1 | 5.0 ± 0.1 *** |
LDL | mmol/L | 2.5 ± 0.1 | 3.0 ± 0.1 ** |
HDL | mmol/L | 1.3 ± 0.0 | 1.8 ± 0.1 *** |
TAG | mmol/L | 0.8 ± 0.0 | 0.9 ± 0.0 |
Insulin | μU/mL | 9.2 ± 0.8 | 8.7 ± 1.2 |
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Milan, A.M.; Pundir, S.; Pileggi, C.A.; Markworth, J.F.; Lewandowski, P.A.; Cameron-Smith, D. Comparisons of the Postprandial Inflammatory and Endotoxaemic Responses to Mixed Meals in Young and Older Individuals: A Randomised Trial. Nutrients 2017, 9, 354. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9040354
Milan AM, Pundir S, Pileggi CA, Markworth JF, Lewandowski PA, Cameron-Smith D. Comparisons of the Postprandial Inflammatory and Endotoxaemic Responses to Mixed Meals in Young and Older Individuals: A Randomised Trial. Nutrients. 2017; 9(4):354. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9040354
Chicago/Turabian StyleMilan, Amber M., Shikha Pundir, Chantal A. Pileggi, James F. Markworth, Paul A. Lewandowski, and David Cameron-Smith. 2017. "Comparisons of the Postprandial Inflammatory and Endotoxaemic Responses to Mixed Meals in Young and Older Individuals: A Randomised Trial" Nutrients 9, no. 4: 354. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9040354