PirABVP Toxin Binds to Epithelial Cells of the Digestive Tract and Produce Pathognomonic AHPND Lesions in Germ-Free Brine Shrimp
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. PirAB Toxin Binds the Digestive Tract and Induces Sloughing of Epithelial Cells in Brine Shrimp (Artemia franciscana) Larvae
2.2. PirAB Toxin Induced Accumulation of Cellular Debris in the Digestive Tract Is of Epithelial Cell Origin
2.3. PirAB Toxin Binding Leads to Damage and Necrosis of the Digestive Tract in Brine Shrimp Larvae
3. Discussion
4. Conclusions
5. Materials and Methods
5.1. Preparation of Recombinant V. parahaemolyticus PirAVP and PirBVP
5.2. Detection of Recombinant PirAVP and PirBVP Toxins through SDS-PAGE
5.3. Axenic Brine Shrimp Hatching
5.4. Brine Shrimp Challenge Assay
5.5. Light Microscopical Analysis Using Immunohistochemistry
5.6. Transmission Electron Microscopical (TEM) Analysis
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Kumar, V.; Bels, L.D.; Couck, L.; Baruah, K.; Bossier, P.; Broeck, W.V.d. PirABVP Toxin Binds to Epithelial Cells of the Digestive Tract and Produce Pathognomonic AHPND Lesions in Germ-Free Brine Shrimp. Toxins 2019, 11, 717. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins11120717
Kumar V, Bels LD, Couck L, Baruah K, Bossier P, Broeck WVd. PirABVP Toxin Binds to Epithelial Cells of the Digestive Tract and Produce Pathognomonic AHPND Lesions in Germ-Free Brine Shrimp. Toxins. 2019; 11(12):717. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins11120717
Chicago/Turabian StyleKumar, Vikash, Lobke De Bels, Liesbeth Couck, Kartik Baruah, Peter Bossier, and Wim Van den Broeck. 2019. "PirABVP Toxin Binds to Epithelial Cells of the Digestive Tract and Produce Pathognomonic AHPND Lesions in Germ-Free Brine Shrimp" Toxins 11, no. 12: 717. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins11120717