Next Article in Journal
Determination of Deoxynivalenol Biomarkers in Italian Urine Samples
Previous Article in Journal
Ergochromes: Heretofore Neglected Side of Ergot Toxicity
 
 
Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
Journals
Toxins
Volume 11
Issue 8
10.3390/toxins11080440
toxins-logo
Submit to this Journal Review for this Journal Propose a Special Issue
► Article Menu

Article Menu

share Share announcement Help format_quote Cite question_answer Discuss in SciProfiles
first_page
settings
Order Article Reprints
Font Type:
Arial Georgia Verdana
Font Size:
Aa Aa Aa
Line Spacing:
Column Width:
Background:
Article

Bacillus thuringiensis Vip1 Functions as a Receptor of Vip2 Toxin for Binary Insecticidal Activity against Holotrichia parallela

by
Jianxun Geng
1,2,†,
Jian Jiang
2,†,
Changlong Shu
2,
Zeyu Wang
2,
Fuping Song
2,
Lili Geng
2,
Jiangyan Duan
1,* and
Jie Zhang
2,*
1
School of Life Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041004, China
2
State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These two authors contribute equally to this work.
Toxins 2019, 11(8), 440; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins11080440
Submission received: 19 June 2019 / Revised: 17 July 2019 / Accepted: 24 July 2019 / Published: 25 July 2019
(This article belongs to the Section Bacterial Toxins)
Browse Figures
Review Reports Versions Notes

Abstract

Bacillus thuringiensis is a well-known entomopathogenic bacterium that produces vegetative insecticidal proteins (Vips, including Vip1, Vip2, Vip3, and Vip4) during the vegetative phase. Here, we purified Vip1 and Vip2 from B. thuringiensis and characterized the insecticidal effects of these protoxins. Bioassay results showed that a 1:1 mixture of Vip1Ad and Vip2Ag, purified by ion-affinity chromatography independently, exhibited insecticidal activity against Holotrichia parallela larvae, with a 50% lethal concentration value of 2.33 μg/g soil. The brush border membrane (BBM) in the midgut of H. parallela larvae was destroyed after feeding the Vip1Ad and Vip2Ag mixture. Vacuolization of the cytoplasm and slight destruction of BBM were detected with Vip2Ag alone, but not with Vip1Ad alone. Notably, Vip1Ad bound to BBM vesicles (BBMVs) strongly, whereas Vip2Ag showed weak binding; however, binding of Vip2Ag to BBMV was increased when Vip1Ad was added. Ligand blotting showed that Vip2Ag did not bind to Vip1Ad but bound to Vip1Ad-t (Vip1Ad was activated by trypsin), suggesting the activation of Vip1Ad was important for their binary toxicity. Thus, our findings suggested that Vip1Ad may facilitate the binding of Vip2Ag to BBMVs, providing a basis for studies of the insecticidal mechanisms of Vip1Ad and Vip2Ag.
Keywords: Bacillus thuringiensis; Vip1Ad and Vip2Ag binary toxin; Holotrichia parallela; binding Bacillus thuringiensis; Vip1Ad and Vip2Ag binary toxin; Holotrichia parallela; binding
Graphical Abstract

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Geng, J.; Jiang, J.; Shu, C.; Wang, Z.; Song, F.; Geng, L.; Duan, J.; Zhang, J. Bacillus thuringiensis Vip1 Functions as a Receptor of Vip2 Toxin for Binary Insecticidal Activity against Holotrichia parallela. Toxins 2019, 11, 440. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins11080440

AMA Style

Geng J, Jiang J, Shu C, Wang Z, Song F, Geng L, Duan J, Zhang J. Bacillus thuringiensis Vip1 Functions as a Receptor of Vip2 Toxin for Binary Insecticidal Activity against Holotrichia parallela. Toxins. 2019; 11(8):440. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins11080440

Chicago/Turabian Style

Geng, Jianxun, Jian Jiang, Changlong Shu, Zeyu Wang, Fuping Song, Lili Geng, Jiangyan Duan, and Jie Zhang. 2019. "Bacillus thuringiensis Vip1 Functions as a Receptor of Vip2 Toxin for Binary Insecticidal Activity against Holotrichia parallela" Toxins 11, no. 8: 440. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins11080440

APA Style

Geng, J., Jiang, J., Shu, C., Wang, Z., Song, F., Geng, L., Duan, J., & Zhang, J. (2019). Bacillus thuringiensis Vip1 Functions as a Receptor of Vip2 Toxin for Binary Insecticidal Activity against Holotrichia parallela. Toxins, 11(8), 440. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins11080440

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Metrics

Back to TopTop