Enterotoxin Gene Distribution and Genotypes of Bacillus cereus sensu lato Isolated from Cassava Starch
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Detection of B. cereus s.l. on Cassava Starch
2.2. Bacillus cereus s.l. Toxigenic Profiles
2.3. Genotyping of B. cereus s.l.
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Cassava Starch Samples and B. cereus s.l. Isolation
4.2. B. cereus s.l. Toxin Genes Detection
4.3. Bacillus cereus s.l. (GTG)5-PCR Fingerprinting
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Place | Type | Collected Samples (n) | Positive Samples (n) | B. cereus s.l. (n) |
---|---|---|---|---|
A | Bakery | 3 | 1 | 1 |
B | Bakery | 4 | 3 | 9 |
C | Bakery | 1 | 1 | 4 |
D | Bakery | 1 | 1 | 1 |
E | Bakery | 14 | 9 | 14 |
F | Bakery | 9 | 2 | 7 |
G | Bakery | 1 | 1 | 1 |
H | Powdered foods company | 14 | 13 | 34 |
I | Bakery | 10 | 5 | 13 |
J | Bakery | 11 | 3 | 6 |
K | Bakery | 5 | 4 | 8 |
L | Bakery | 1 | 0 | 0 |
M | Bakery | 1 | 0 | 0 |
TOTAL | 75 | 43 | 98 |
Profile | Toxin Genes | Number of B. cereus s.l. (%) |
---|---|---|
I | nheABC, hblCDAB, cytK2, entFM | 49 (50) |
II | nheABC, hblCDA, cytK2, entFM | 8 (8) |
III | nheABC, hblCDAB, cytK2 | 19 (20) |
IV | nheABC, hblCDA, cytK2 | 1 (1) |
V | nheABC, hblCDAB, entFM | 8 (8) |
VI | nheABC, hblCDA, entFM | 2 (2) |
VII | nheABC, cytK2, entFM | 5 (5) |
VIII | nheABC, cytK2 | 1 (1) |
IX | nheABC, hblCDA | 2 (2) |
X | nheABC, entFM | 1 (1) |
XI | hblCDAB, entFM | 1 (1) |
XII | nheABC | 1 (1) |
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Sánchez-Chica, J.; Correa, M.M.; Aceves-Diez, A.E.; Castañeda-Sandoval, L.M. Enterotoxin Gene Distribution and Genotypes of Bacillus cereus sensu lato Isolated from Cassava Starch. Toxins 2021, 13, 131. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins13020131
Sánchez-Chica J, Correa MM, Aceves-Diez AE, Castañeda-Sandoval LM. Enterotoxin Gene Distribution and Genotypes of Bacillus cereus sensu lato Isolated from Cassava Starch. Toxins. 2021; 13(2):131. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins13020131
Chicago/Turabian StyleSánchez-Chica, Jennifer, Margarita M. Correa, Angel E. Aceves-Diez, and Laura M. Castañeda-Sandoval. 2021. "Enterotoxin Gene Distribution and Genotypes of Bacillus cereus sensu lato Isolated from Cassava Starch" Toxins 13, no. 2: 131. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins13020131