Moniliformin Occurrence in Serbian Maize over Four Years: Understanding Weather-Dependent Variability
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Method Validation
2.2. MON Occurrence in Different Production Regions and Years
2.3. Impact of Weather Conditions
2.4. Comparative Study
3. Conclusions
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Sample Collection
4.2. Chemicals and Reagents
4.3. Sample Preparation
4.4. LC-MS/MS Analysis
4.5. Method Validation
4.6. Weather Condition Analysis
4.7. Statistical Analysis
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Year | Region | N 1 | Min2 | Max 3 | Mean ± Std 4 | Median 5 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2018 | Bačka | 37 (100%) | 7.1 | 134.5 | 49.8 ± 31.4 a | 40.5 |
Banat | 36 (100%) | 7.1 | 121.3 | 50.5 ± 27.3 a | 44.5 | |
Srem | 27 (100%) | 6.9 | 205.7 | 62.1 ± 53.3 a | 50.0 | |
TOTAL | 100 (100%) | 6.9 | 205.7 | 53.4 ± 37.4 AB | 44.13 | |
2019 | Bačka | 53 (100%) | 5.9 | 400.3 | 46.1 ± 42.1 a | 31.8 |
Banat | 31 (100%) | 6.2 | 98.5 | 34.4 ± 25.0 a | 30.0 | |
Srem | 16 (100%) | 7.3 | 182.2 | 38.3 ± 44.1 a | 23.9 | |
TOTAL | 100 (100%) | 5.9 | 400.3 | 41.2 ± 48.3 A | 30.7 | |
2020 | Bačka | 55 (100%) | 9.6 | 564.1 | 101.8 ± 107.2 b | 72.6 |
Banat | 38 (100%) | 9.9 | 156.6 | 56.2 ± 39.2 a | 44.4 | |
Srem | 7 (100%) | 51.7 | 170.3 | 108.8 ± 42.8 ab | 113.9 | |
TOTAL | 100 (100%) | 9.6 | 564.1 | 85.0 ± 86.4 B | 61.9 | |
2021 | Bačka | 50 (100%) | 29.8 | 722.4 | 188.7 ± 142.3 a | 140.9 |
Banat | 37 (100%) | 47.9 | 1742.0 | 246.5 ± 285.9 a | 154.6 | |
Srem | 13 (100%) | 30.5 | 603.5 | 285.5 ± 210.1 a | 209.5 | |
TOTAL | 100 (100%) | 29.8 | 1742.0 | 222.7 ± 215.4 C | 154.0 |
Region | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bačka | 37 | 53 | 55 | 50 |
Banat | 36 | 31 | 38 | 37 |
Srem | 27 | 16 | 7 | 13 |
Total | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
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Radić, B.; Radović, R.; Janić Hajnal, E.; Mandić, A.; Đekić, S.; Stojanović, Z.; Kos, J. Moniliformin Occurrence in Serbian Maize over Four Years: Understanding Weather-Dependent Variability. Toxins 2023, 15, 634. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15110634
Radić B, Radović R, Janić Hajnal E, Mandić A, Đekić S, Stojanović Z, Kos J. Moniliformin Occurrence in Serbian Maize over Four Years: Understanding Weather-Dependent Variability. Toxins. 2023; 15(11):634. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15110634
Chicago/Turabian StyleRadić, Bojana, Radmila Radović, Elizabet Janić Hajnal, Anamarija Mandić, Sanja Đekić, Zorica Stojanović, and Jovana Kos. 2023. "Moniliformin Occurrence in Serbian Maize over Four Years: Understanding Weather-Dependent Variability" Toxins 15, no. 11: 634. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15110634