Sága, a Deep Learning Spectral Analysis Tool for Fungal Detection in Grains—A Case Study to Detect Fusarium in Winter Wheat
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Wheat Ear Detection and Segmentation
2.2. Spectral Response Difference in the Infected Wheat Ear and Healthy Ear
2.3. Predictive Model Result
3. Discussion
4. Conclusions
5. Method
5.1. Field Experiments
5.2. Image Data Acquisition and Data Pre-Processing
5.3. Model Development
5.3.1. Wheat Ear Detection and Segmentation
5.3.2. Predictive Model Based on Spectral Information of Wheat Ear
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
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5-Folds | Training Accuracy Scores | Mean Training Accuracy | Training Precision Scores | Mean Training Precision | Training Recall Scores | Mean Training Recall | Training F1 Scores | Mean Training F1 Score | Validation Accuracy Scores | Mean Validation Accuracy | Validation Precision Scores | Mean ValidationPrecision | Validation Recall Scores | Mean Validation Recall | Validation F1 Scores | Mean Validation F1 Score |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1-Fold | 0.99 | 0.99 | 0.98 | 0.99 | 1 | 0.99 | 0.99 | 0.99 | 0.93 | 0.91 | 0.93 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.88 | 0.91 | 0.89 |
2-Fold | 0.99 | 0.99 | 1 | 0.99 | 0.98 | 0.99 | 0.99 | 0.99 | 0.93 | 0.91 | 0.96 | 0.9 | 0.86 | 0.88 | 0.91 | 0.89 |
3-Fold | 1 | 0.99 | 0.99 | 0.99 | 1 | 0.99 | 1 | 0.99 | 0.9 | 0.91 | 0.82 | 0.9 | 0.97 | 0.88 | 0.89 | 0.89 |
4-Fold | 0.99 | 0.99 | 0.98 | 0.99 | 1 | 0.99 | 0.99 | 0.99 | 0.89 | 0.91 | 0.83 | 0.9 | 0.89 | 0.88 | 0.86 | 0.89 |
5-Fold | 0.99 | 0.99 | 1 | 0.99 | 0.98 | 0.99 | 0.99 | 0.99 | 0.9 | 0.91 | 0.96 | 0.9 | 0.79 | 0.88 | 0.86 | 0.89 |
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Wang, X.; Polder, G.; Focker, M.; Liu, C. Sága, a Deep Learning Spectral Analysis Tool for Fungal Detection in Grains—A Case Study to Detect Fusarium in Winter Wheat. Toxins 2024, 16, 354. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins16080354
Wang X, Polder G, Focker M, Liu C. Sága, a Deep Learning Spectral Analysis Tool for Fungal Detection in Grains—A Case Study to Detect Fusarium in Winter Wheat. Toxins. 2024; 16(8):354. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins16080354
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Xinxin, Gerrit Polder, Marlous Focker, and Cheng Liu. 2024. "Sága, a Deep Learning Spectral Analysis Tool for Fungal Detection in Grains—A Case Study to Detect Fusarium in Winter Wheat" Toxins 16, no. 8: 354. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins16080354